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Hindi vocabulary by situation

69 words and phrases grouped the way you will actually need them — greetings, courtesy, survival, travel, food, family, feelings. Pick a group, learn it, use it the same week.

69 entries

EnglishHindiSounds likeNote
Hello / greetingsनमस्तेnamasteNeutral and safe with anyone. Not used between close friends, who mostly just say hi or the person's name.
Hello (more formal)नमस्कारnamaskaarA shade more formal than namaste. Common on television and in speeches.
Good morningसुप्रभातsuprabhaatWritten and formal. In actual speech most people say namaste, or Good morning in English.
How are you?आप कैसे हैं?aap kaise hainTo a woman: आप कैसी हैं? (aap kaisi hain). The adjective agrees with the person you are addressing.
How are you? (informal)तुम कैसे हो?tum kaise hoFor friends and people younger than you. Using it with a stranger sounds abrupt.
I am fineमैं ठीक हूँmain theek hoon
And you?और आप?aur aap
GoodbyeअलविदाalvidaHeavier than English goodbye — it carries a sense of parting for a long time. Day to day, people say namaste again, or फिर मिलेंगे.
See you laterफिर मिलेंगेphir milengewe will meet again
Good nightशुभ रात्रिshubh raatriFormal. Good night in English is extremely common in speech.
Thank youधन्यवादdhanyavaadFormal and sincere. Between friends and family Hindi often uses no thank-you at all; that is not rudeness, it is a different norm.
Thanks (Urdu-origin, very common)शुक्रियाshukriyaLighter and warmer than dhanyavaad, and heard far more often in everyday speech.
PleaseकृपयाkripayaFormal and mostly written. In speech, politeness is carried by the verb ending — कीजिए rather than a separate word for please.
Sorry / excuse meमाफ़ कीजिएmaaf keejiyeforgive (me)
No problemकोई बात नहींkoi baat nahinno matter at all
Yesहाँhaan
Yes (polite)जी हाँjee haanजी is a respect particle. Adding it turns a blunt yes into a courteous one.
Noनहींnahin
No (polite)जी नहींjee nahin
Okay / I seeअच्छाachchhaAlso means good. As a response its meaning shifts with tone: agreement, mild surprise, or is that so.
My name is …मेरा नाम … हैmera naam … hai
What is your name?आपका नाम क्या है?aapka naam kya hai
I am from …मैं … से हूँmain … se hoon
Where are you from?आप कहाँ से हैं?aap kahaan se hain
Nice to meet youआपसे मिलकर अच्छा लगाaapse milkar achchha laga
I am learning Hindiमैं हिंदी सीख रहा हूँmain hindi seekh raha hoonA woman says सीख रही हूँ (seekh rahi hoon). Hindi verbs agree with the speaker's gender.
I speak a little Hindiमैं थोड़ी हिंदी बोलता हूँmain thodi hindi bolta hoonA woman says बोलती हूँ (bolti hoon).
I don't understandमुझे समझ नहीं आयाmujhe samajh nahin aaya
Please speak slowlyज़रा धीरे बोलिएzara dheere boliye
Say it again, pleaseफिर से कहिएphir se kahiye
Do you speak English?क्या आप अंग्रेज़ी बोलते हैं?kya aap angrezi bolte hain
What does this mean?इसका क्या मतलब है?iska kya matlab hai
How do you say this in Hindi?इसे हिंदी में क्या कहते हैं?ise hindi mein kya kehte hain
Help!मदद कीजिए!madad keejiye
I need a doctorमुझे डॉक्टर चाहिएmujhe doctor chahiye
Where is the toilet?बाथरूम कहाँ है?bathroom kahaan haiबाथरूम is the word people actually use, borrowed from English. शौचालय exists but is signage Hindi.
How much is this?यह कितने का है?yeh kitne ka hai
That's too expensiveयह बहुत महँगा हैyeh bahut mehanga hai
Please reduce the price a littleथोड़ा कम कीजिएthoda kam keejiye
Where is …?… कहाँ है?… kahaan hai
Go straightसीधे जाइएseedhe jaaiye
Turn leftबाएँ मुड़िएbaayen mudiye
Turn rightदाएँ मुड़िएdaayen mudiye
Stop hereयहीं रोकिएyaheen rokiye
How far is it?कितनी दूर है?kitni door hai
I want to go to …मुझे … जाना हैmujhe … jaana hai
Please use the meterमीटर से चलिएmeter se chaliyeStandard and expected in an auto-rickshaw. Saying it first, calmly, changes the negotiation.
I am hungryमुझे भूख लगी हैmujhe bhookh lagi haihunger has attached to me
I am thirstyमुझे प्यास लगी हैmujhe pyaas lagi hai
Water, pleaseपानी दीजिएpaani deejiye
Not spicy, pleaseतीखा मत बनाइएteekha mat banaaiyeतीखा is chilli-hot. मसालेदार means well-spiced, which is not the same thing and is usually what you do want.
I am vegetarianमैं शाकाहारी हूँmain shaakaahaari hoon
It is deliciousबहुत स्वादिष्ट हैbahut svaadisht hai
The bill, pleaseबिल दीजिएbill deejiye
I have eaten enoughबस, बहुत हो गयाbas, bahut ho gayaUseful and often necessary. Refusing more food once is treated as politeness rather than a real answer.
Motherमाँmaa
Fatherपिताpitaपापा (papa) is what people actually call their father.
Elder brotherभाईbhaiबड़ा भाई for elder specifically. Also used for any man of similar age, affectionately.
Elder sisterदीदीdidiWidely used for any older woman you are friendly with, not only a sister.
Sonबेटाbeta
Daughterबेटीbeti
Wifeपत्नीpatni
Husbandपतिpati
Friendदोस्तdost
I like itमुझे पसंद हैmujhe pasand haito me it is pleasing — the thing is the subject, not you
I love youमैं तुमसे प्यार करता हूँmain tumse pyaar karta hoonA woman says करती हूँ (karti hoon). This is the film version; in real life people more often say it in English or not at all.
I am happyमैं ख़ुश हूँmain khush hoon
I am tiredमैं थक गया हूँmain thak gaya hoonA woman: थक गई हूँ (thak gayi hoon).
Don't worryचिंता मत कीजिएchinta mat keejiye

How to actually build vocabulary

Frequency beats interest. The first two hundred words of Hindi carry a startling share of ordinary conversation. Learn those before the word for "pomegranate", however much more interesting it is.

Always with the gender. Every Hindi noun is masculine or feminine and the verb agrees. Store यह किताब अच्छी है, not किताब — the phrase carries the gender and you practise the agreement at the same time.

Say it out loud. Silent review builds recognition. Only speech builds speech, and recognition is the less useful of the two by a wide margin.

The free words you may already have

Hindi absorbed a large Persian and Arabic layer and a large English one. If you speak Persian, Turkish, Indonesian, Malay, Swahili, Thai or Tamil, you already half-recognise a few hundred Hindi words through shared Sanskrit, Persian or Arabic contact — किताब, दुनिया, वक़्त, दोस्त and many more. Most learners never find out.

A note on the Hindi spellings

Devanagari is easy to get slightly wrong when it is typed by hand — a missing matra, the wrong nukta. If something here looks off to you, trust a native speaker over this page and please tell us so it gets fixed — it takes a moment and a real person reads it. Romanised spellings are a guide to the sound, not a standard: there is no single official way to write Hindi in Latin letters.

Questions

How many words should I learn a day?

Ten to twenty new ones is plenty and five is fine. The number that decides whether you learn Hindi is not how many you add today but whether you come back tomorrow.

Should I learn words or phrases?

Phrases, mostly. A bare noun teaches you a translation; a short sentence teaches you the word doing its job, including its gender and the postposition it takes — and in Hindi the gender is not optional information.

Why are the words grouped by situation?

Because that is how you will need them. Learning fifty random nouns gives you fifty nouns; learning the twenty that appear in a shop gives you the ability to shop.

Want a real person to practise with?

Reading gets you the grammar. Speaking is the part that only happens with another human. EkGuru tutors are native Hindi speakers in India who teach one to one over video — no group classes, no subscription.

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