Chinese C1 — Chinese C1 Advanced Mastery

Written by: authorship not independently recorded. Maintained by Prakash. Reviewed by: not recorded. Updated: 2026-10-05. Editorial policy and corrections.

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The whole Chinese C1 level as one readable page: 3 units, 9 lessons, 63 words, 289 questions with every answer shown, a worksheet and a 10-item level test. Nothing here is behind JavaScript, and nothing needs an account.

What you can do when C1 is finished

• Control information structure, evidentiality, modality, and register
• Mediate complex sources without increasing certainty
• Transform academic, institutional, and literary genres

C1, unit by unit

Advanced stance and structure

据述与让步

Control 据述与让步 in advanced discourse.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. multiple choice, fill in the blank, translation, reverse translation, matching, reorder, sentence building, word selection, error correction, dialogue completion, reading comprehension, paragraph comprehension.

1. multiple choice据述与让步 — multiple choice: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   1. 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。
   2. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   3. an unrelated absolute claim
   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

2. fill the gap据述与让步 — fill in the blank: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

3. translate据述与让步 — translation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

4. translate into the language据述与让步 — reverse translation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

5. matching据述与让步 — matching: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   1. 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。
   2. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   3. an unrelated absolute claim
   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

6. put it in order据述与让步 — reorder: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

7. build the sentence据述与让步 — sentence building: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

8. choose the word据述与让步 — word selection: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   1. 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。
   2. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   3. an unrelated absolute claim
   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

9. find the mistake据述与让步 — error correction: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

10. finish the dialogue据述与让步 — dialogue completion: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

    Show the answer

    据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

11. reading据述与让步 — reading comprehension: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

    Show the answer

    据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

12. paragraph据述与让步 — paragraph comprehension: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

    Show the answer

    据报告显示，尽管地区差异仍然存在，实施情况似乎已有所改善。

Quick check (5).

1. quick check据述与让步: advanced control check 1

   1. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

2. quick check据述与让步: advanced control check 2

   1. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

3. quick check据述与让步: advanced control check 3

   1. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

4. quick check据述与让步: advanced control check 4

   1. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

5. quick check据述与让步: advanced control check 5

   1. The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The report suggests implementation improved despite regional differences.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

Worksheet: Evidential framing and とのことだ workshop

Review list. 据报告显示 · 告显示，尽 · 示，尽管地 · 尽管地区差

有限证据

Control 有限证据 in advanced discourse.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. word selection, error correction, dialogue completion, reading comprehension, paragraph comprehension, main idea, detail identification, inference, listening comprehension, dictation, listen and choose, listen and reorder.

1. choose the word有限证据 — word selection: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   1. 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。
   2. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
   3. an unrelated absolute claim
   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

2. find the mistake有限证据 — error correction: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

3. finish the dialogue有限证据 — dialogue completion: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

4. reading有限证据 — reading comprehension: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

5. paragraph有限证据 — paragraph comprehension: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

6. the main idea有限证据 — main idea: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

7. spot the detail有限证据 — detail identification: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

8. what is meant有限证据 — inference: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

9. listening有限证据 — listening comprehension: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

10. dictation有限证据 — dictation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

    audio drill — play it in the course player

    Show the answer

    即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

11. listen and choose有限证据 — listen and choose: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

    1. 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。
    2. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
    3. an unrelated absolute claim

    audio drill — play it in the course player

    Show the answer

    即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

12. listen, then order有限证据 — listen and reorder: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

    audio drill — play it in the course player

    Show the answer

    即使证据有限，也不应忽视该结果，更不能将其表述为定论。

Quick check (5).

1. quick check有限证据: advanced control check 1

   1. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

2. quick check有限证据: advanced control check 2

   1. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

3. quick check有限证据: advanced control check 3

   1. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

4. quick check有限证据: advanced control check 4

   1. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

5. quick check有限证据: advanced control check 5

   1. Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Limited evidence should neither be ignored nor presented as final.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

Worksheet: Concession with とはいえ workshop

Review list. 即使证据有 · 证据有限， · 有限，也不 · ，也不应忽

Attribute a research finding

Attribute a finding, name its scope and distinguish it from an inference.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. Standard Mandarin. Every exercise works on tones and pinyin, measure words, aspect markers, 把/被 constructions, clause links, register and source-qualified claims.

1. multiple choicePractice 1: [multiple choice] Attribute a research finding — Choose the meaning of 据报告 (jù bào gào) in this lesson.

   1. according to the report
   2. to show
   3. scope
   4. sample
   Show the answer

   according to the report

2. fill the gapPractice 2: [fill in the blank] Attribute a research finding — Type the Chinese (Mandarin) expression meaning “to show”.

   Show the answer

   显示

3. translatePractice 3: [translation] Attribute a research finding — Interpret the Simplified Chinese characters in context: 据报告显示，三个地区的参与人数有所增加。 (jù bào gào xiǎn shì，sān gè dì qū de cān yù rén shù yǒu suǒ zēng jiā。).

   Show the answer

   The report shows that participation increased in three regions.

4. translate into the languagePractice 4: [reverse translation] Attribute a research finding — Write in Simplified Chinese characters: The study's sample scope is relatively limited..

   Show the answer

   这项研究的样本范围比较有限。

5. matchingPractice 5: [matching] Attribute a research finding — Match 范围 to its lesson meaning.

   1. scope
   2. according to the report
   3. to show
   Show the answer

   scope

6. put it in orderPractice 6: [reorder] Attribute a research finding — Reconstruct the lesson model in coherent Chinese (Mandarin): This suggests that the trend merits further examination..

   Show the answer

   由此可以推测这一趋势值得进一步检查。

7. build the sentencePractice 7: [sentence building] Attribute a research finding — Build the sentence with the lesson pattern (据 + source + 显示 ...；由此可以推测 ...): The report shows that participation increased in three regions..

   Show the answer

   据报告显示，三个地区的参与人数有所增加。

8. choose the wordPractice 8: [word selection] Attribute a research finding — Select the Chinese (Mandarin) form for “sample”.

   1. 样本
   2. 推断
   Show the answer

   样本

9. find the mistakePractice 9: [error correction] Attribute a research finding — Correct the model the lesson warns about: 报告证明所有地区都改善了。

   Show the answer

   报告显示三个地区有所改善，其他地区还需要资料。

10. finish the dialoguePractice 10: [dialogue completion] Attribute a research finding — Complete the exchange with the studied response to: The report shows that participation increased in three regions.

    Show the answer

    这项研究的样本范围比较有限。

11. readingPractice 11: [reading comprehension] Attribute a research finding — Read “由此可以推测这一趋势值得进一步检查。” (yóu cǐ kě yǐ tuī cè zhè yì qū shì zhí de jìn yí bù jiǎn chá。). What does it mean?

    Show the answer

    This suggests that the trend merits further examination.

12. paragraphPractice 12: [paragraph comprehension] Attribute a research finding — Read the lesson dialogue as a whole and give its key move: The study's sample scope is relatively limited.

    Show the answer

    这项研究的样本范围比较有限。

Quick check (5).

1. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 据报告?

   1. according to the report
   2. to show
   3. scope
   4. sample
   Show the answer

   according to the report

   据报告 (jù bào gào) means according to the report in this lesson.

2. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 显示?

   1. to show
   2. according to the report
   3. scope
   4. sample
   Show the answer

   to show

   显示 (xiǎn shì) means to show in this lesson.

3. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 范围?

   1. scope
   2. according to the report
   3. to show
   4. sample
   Show the answer

   scope

   范围 (fàn wéi) means scope in this lesson.

4. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 样本?

   1. sample
   2. according to the report
   3. to show
   4. scope
   Show the answer

   sample

   样本 (yàng běn) means sample in this lesson.

5. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 推断?

   1. inference
   2. according to the report
   3. to show
   4. scope
   Show the answer

   inference

   推断 (tuī duàn) means inference in this lesson.

Worksheet: Attribute a research claim

Review list. 据报告 · 显示 · 范围 · 样本

Professional argument and mediation

学术综合

Control 学术综合 in advanced discourse.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. inference, listening comprehension, dictation, listen and choose, listen and reorder, listen and fill, repeat after audio, pronunciation, shadowing, guided speaking, free response, roleplay.

1. what is meant学术综合 — inference: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

2. listening学术综合 — listening comprehension: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

3. dictation学术综合 — dictation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

4. listen and choose学术综合 — listen and choose: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   1. 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。
   2. Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.
   3. an unrelated absolute claim

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

5. listen, then order学术综合 — listen and reorder: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

6. listen and fill学术综合 — listen and fill: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

7. repeat it学术综合 — repeat after audio: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

8. pronunciation学术综合 — pronunciation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

9. shadow the audio学术综合 — shadowing: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

10. guided speaking学术综合 — guided speaking: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

    Show the answer

    批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

11. answer in your own words学术综合 — free response: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

    Show the answer

    批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

12. role play学术综合 — roleplay: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

    Show the answer

    批判性评估影响社会的变化，需要同时审视语境与研究方法。

Quick check (5).

1. quick check学术综合: advanced control check 1

   1. Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

2. quick check学术综合: advanced control check 2

   1. Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

3. quick check学术综合: advanced control check 3

   1. Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

4. quick check学术综合: advanced control check 4

   1. Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

5. quick check学术综合: advanced control check 5

   1. Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Critical evaluation requires examining context and methodology.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

Worksheet: Nominalisation in academic prose workshop

Review list. 批判性评估 · 性评估影响 · 估影响社会 · 响社会的变

专业异议

Control 专业异议 in advanced discourse.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. pronunciation, shadowing, guided speaking, free response, roleplay, sentence writing, short writing, paraphrase, summary, guided composition, register transformation, tone identification.

1. pronunciation专业异议 — pronunciation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

2. shadow the audio专业异议 — shadowing: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   audio drill — play it in the course player

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

3. guided speaking专业异议 — guided speaking: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

4. answer in your own words专业异议 — free response: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

5. role play专业异议 — roleplay: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

6. write a sentence专业异议 — sentence writing: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

7. short writing专业异议 — short writing: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

8. say it another way专业异议 — paraphrase: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

9. summarise专业异议 — summary: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

   Show the answer

   在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

10. guided composition专业异议 — guided composition: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

    Show the answer

    在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

11. change the register专业异议 — register transformation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

    Show the answer

    在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

12. read the tone专业异议 — tone identification: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

    1. 慎重で分析的な改まった語調
    2. 無根拠で断定的
    3. くだけた挨拶
    Show the answer

    在尊重您提议的前提下，我想提出一个兼顾实施限制的替代方案。

Quick check (5).

1. quick check专业异议: advanced control check 1

   1. Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

2. quick check专业异议: advanced control check 2

   1. Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

3. quick check专业异议: advanced control check 3

   1. Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

4. quick check专业异议: advanced control check 4

   1. Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

5. quick check专业异议: advanced control check 5

   1. Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Respecting your proposal, I offer an alternative accounting for constraints.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

Worksheet: Causal restraint and に至る workshop

Review list. 在尊重您提 · 重您提议的 · 提议的前提 · 的前提下，

Qualify a recommendation

Recommend a next step while stating the condition under which it should be reviewed.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. Standard Mandarin. Every exercise works on tones and pinyin, measure words, aspect markers, 把/被 constructions, clause links, register and source-qualified claims.

1. multiple choicePractice 1: [multiple choice] Qualify a recommendation — Choose the meaning of 建议 (jiàn yì) in this lesson.

   1. recommendation
   2. pilot
   3. condition
   4. evaluation
   Show the answer

   recommendation

2. fill the gapPractice 2: [fill in the blank] Qualify a recommendation — Type the Chinese (Mandarin) expression meaning “pilot”.

   Show the answer

   试点

3. translatePractice 3: [translation] Qualify a recommendation — Interpret the Simplified Chinese characters in context: 建议先在两个社区开展试点。 (jiàn yì xiān zài liǎng gè shè qū kāi zhǎn shì diǎn。).

   Show the answer

   I recommend starting a pilot in two communities.

4. translate into the languagePractice 4: [reverse translation] Qualify a recommendation — Write in Simplified Chinese characters: Evaluate implementation again after three months..

   Show the answer

   三个月后再评估实施情况。

5. matchingPractice 5: [matching] Qualify a recommendation — Match 条件 to its lesson meaning.

   1. condition
   2. recommendation
   3. pilot
   Show the answer

   condition

6. put it in orderPractice 6: [reorder] Qualify a recommendation — Reconstruct the lesson model in coherent Chinese (Mandarin): If results are unstable, the next stage should be adjusted..

   Show the answer

   如果结果不稳定，就应调整下一阶段。

7. build the sentencePractice 7: [sentence building] Qualify a recommendation — Build the sentence with the lesson pattern (建议先 ...，并在 ... 后评估): I recommend starting a pilot in two communities..

   Show the answer

   建议先在两个社区开展试点。

8. choose the wordPractice 8: [word selection] Qualify a recommendation — Select the Chinese (Mandarin) form for “evaluation”.

   1. 评估
   2. 阶段
   Show the answer

   评估

9. find the mistakePractice 9: [error correction] Qualify a recommendation — Correct the model the lesson warns about: 建议马上在所有地区推广。

   Show the answer

   建议先开展有限试点，再根据三个月后的评估决定是否扩大。

10. finish the dialoguePractice 10: [dialogue completion] Qualify a recommendation — Complete the exchange with the studied response to: I recommend starting a pilot in two communities.

    Show the answer

    三个月后再评估实施情况。

11. readingPractice 11: [reading comprehension] Qualify a recommendation — Read “如果结果不稳定，就应调整下一阶段。” (rú guǒ jié guǒ bù wěn dìng，jiù yīng tiáo zhěng xià yì jiē duàn。). What does it mean?

    Show the answer

    If results are unstable, the next stage should be adjusted.

12. paragraphPractice 12: [paragraph comprehension] Qualify a recommendation — Read the lesson dialogue as a whole and give its key move: Evaluate implementation again after three months.

    Show the answer

    三个月后再评估实施情况。

Quick check (5).

1. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 建议?

   1. recommendation
   2. pilot
   3. condition
   4. evaluation
   Show the answer

   recommendation

   建议 (jiàn yì) means recommendation in this lesson.

2. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 试点?

   1. pilot
   2. recommendation
   3. condition
   4. evaluation
   Show the answer

   pilot

   试点 (shì diǎn) means pilot in this lesson.

3. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 条件?

   1. condition
   2. recommendation
   3. pilot
   4. evaluation
   Show the answer

   condition

   条件 (tiáo jiàn) means condition in this lesson.

4. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 评估?

   1. evaluation
   2. recommendation
   3. pilot
   4. condition
   Show the answer

   evaluation

   评估 (píng gū) means evaluation in this lesson.

5. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 阶段?

   1. stage
   2. recommendation
   3. pilot
   4. condition
   Show the answer

   stage

   阶段 (jiē duàn) means stage in this lesson.

Worksheet: Set a review condition

Review list. 建议 · 试点 · 条件 · 评估

Precision, rhetoric, and genre

跨来源调解

Control 跨来源调解 in advanced discourse.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. paraphrase, summary, guided composition, register transformation, tone identification, semantic distinction, contextual meaning, argument construction, discourse ordering, style rewriting, idiom interpretation, implied meaning.

1. say it another way跨来源调解 — paraphrase: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

2. summarise跨来源调解 — summary: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

3. guided composition跨来源调解 — guided composition: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

4. change the register跨来源调解 — register transformation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

5. read the tone跨来源调解 — tone identification: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   1. 慎重で分析的な改まった語調
   2. 無根拠で断定的
   3. くだけた挨拶
   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

6. which one fits跨来源调解 — semantic distinction: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

7. meaning in context跨来源调解 — contextual meaning: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

8. build the argument跨来源调解 — argument construction: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

9. order the text跨来源调解 — discourse ordering: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

   Show the answer

   综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

10. rewrite the style跨来源调解 — style rewriting: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

    Show the answer

    综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

11. explain the idiom跨来源调解 — idiom interpretation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

    Show the answer

    综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

12. read between the lines跨来源调解 — implied meaning: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

    Show the answer

    综合两项研究可见，语境差异至少解释了部分结果分歧。

Quick check (5).

1. quick check跨来源调解: advanced control check 1

   1. Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

2. quick check跨来源调解: advanced control check 2

   1. Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

3. quick check跨来源调解: advanced control check 3

   1. Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

4. quick check跨来源调解: advanced control check 4

   1. Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

5. quick check跨来源调解: advanced control check 5

   1. Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   Together the studies show context partly explains divergence.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

Worksheet: Professional mitigation workshop

Review list. 综合两项研 · 两项研究可 · 研究可见， · 可见，语境

因果保留

Control 因果保留 in advanced discourse.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. argument construction, discourse ordering, style rewriting, idiom interpretation, implied meaning, multiple choice, fill in the blank, translation, reverse translation, matching, reorder, sentence building.

1. build the argument因果保留 — argument construction: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

2. order the text因果保留 — discourse ordering: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

3. rewrite the style因果保留 — style rewriting: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

4. explain the idiom因果保留 — idiom interpretation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

5. read between the lines因果保留 — implied meaning: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

6. multiple choice因果保留 — multiple choice: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   1. 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。
   2. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
   3. an unrelated absolute claim
   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

7. fill the gap因果保留 — fill in the blank: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

8. translate因果保留 — translation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

9. translate into the language因果保留 — reverse translation: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

   Show the answer

   由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

10. matching因果保留 — matching: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

    1. 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。
    2. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
    3. an unrelated absolute claim
    Show the answer

    由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

11. put it in order因果保留 — reorder: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

    Show the answer

    由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

12. build the sentence因果保留 — sentence building: preserve scope, register, and implication in this model: 由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

    Show the answer

    由于数据不完整，委员会决定推迟裁决，直至因果关系得到澄清。

Quick check (5).

1. quick check因果保留: advanced control check 1

   1. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

2. quick check因果保留: advanced control check 2

   1. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

3. quick check因果保留: advanced control check 3

   1. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

4. quick check因果保留: advanced control check 4

   1. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

5. quick check因果保留: advanced control check 5

   1. The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.
   2. Increase certainty
   3. Delete cohesion
   4. Use a greeting
   Show the answer

   The committee deferred its decision until causality was clarified.

   The answer preserves stance, scope, and register.

Worksheet: Cross-source synthesis workshop

Review list. 由于数据不 · 数据不完整 · 不完整，委 · 整，委员会

Synthesize two sources

Combine a shared finding from two sources while retaining a difference in method.

Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.

Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.

What this Chinese practice tests. Standard Mandarin. Every exercise works on tones and pinyin, measure words, aspect markers, 把/被 constructions, clause links, register and source-qualified claims.

1. multiple choicePractice 1: [multiple choice] Synthesize two sources — Choose the meaning of 综合 (zōng hé) in this lesson.

   1. to synthesize
   2. shared
   3. difference
   4. context
   Show the answer

   to synthesize

2. fill the gapPractice 2: [fill in the blank] Synthesize two sources — Type the Chinese (Mandarin) expression meaning “shared”.

   Show the answer

   共同

3. translatePractice 3: [translation] Synthesize two sources — Interpret the Simplified Chinese characters in context: 两项研究都发现参与度有所提高。 (liǎng xiàng yán jiū dōu fā xiàn cān yù dù yǒu suǒ tí gāo。).

   Show the answer

   Both studies found that participation increased.

4. translate into the languagePractice 4: [reverse translation] Synthesize two sources — Write in Simplified Chinese characters: However, the two studies used different measurement methods..

   Show the answer

   不过两项研究的测量方法并不相同。

5. matchingPractice 5: [matching] Synthesize two sources — Match 差异 to its lesson meaning.

   1. difference
   2. to synthesize
   3. shared
   Show the answer

   difference

6. put it in orderPractice 6: [reorder] Synthesize two sources — Reconstruct the lesson model in coherent Chinese (Mandarin): Contextual differences may explain part of the divergence..

   Show the answer

   语境差异可能解释部分结果差异。

7. build the sentencePractice 7: [sentence building] Synthesize two sources — Build the sentence with the lesson pattern (两项研究都 ...；不过 ...): Both studies found that participation increased..

   Show the answer

   两项研究都发现参与度有所提高。

8. choose the wordPractice 8: [word selection] Synthesize two sources — Select the Chinese (Mandarin) form for “context”.

   1. 语境
   2. 方法
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   语境

9. find the mistakePractice 9: [error correction] Synthesize two sources — Correct the model the lesson warns about: 两项研究完全相同。

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   两项研究有共同发现，但方法和语境不同。

10. finish the dialoguePractice 10: [dialogue completion] Synthesize two sources — Complete the exchange with the studied response to: Both studies found that participation increased.

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    不过两项研究的测量方法并不相同。

11. readingPractice 11: [reading comprehension] Synthesize two sources — Read “语境差异可能解释部分结果差异。” (yǔ jìng chā yì kě néng jiě shì bù fèn jié guǒ chā yì。). What does it mean?

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    Contextual differences may explain part of the divergence.

12. paragraphPractice 12: [paragraph comprehension] Synthesize two sources — Read the lesson dialogue as a whole and give its key move: However, the two studies used different measurement methods.

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    不过两项研究的测量方法并不相同。

Quick check (5).

1. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 综合?

   1. to synthesize
   2. shared
   3. difference
   4. context
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   to synthesize

   综合 (zōng hé) means to synthesize in this lesson.

2. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 共同?

   1. shared
   2. to synthesize
   3. difference
   4. context
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   shared

   共同 (gòng tóng) means shared in this lesson.

3. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 差异?

   1. difference
   2. to synthesize
   3. shared
   4. context
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   difference

   差异 (chā yì) means difference in this lesson.

4. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 语境?

   1. context
   2. to synthesize
   3. shared
   4. difference
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   context

   语境 (yǔ jìng) means context in this lesson.

5. quick checkWhich meaning best fits 方法?

   1. method
   2. to synthesize
   3. shared
   4. difference
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   method

   方法 (fāng fǎ) means method in this lesson.

Worksheet: Write a source synthesis

Review list. 综合 · 共同 · 差异 · 语境

Recall drills — 126 more questions from the C1 words

These 126 drills are generated from the Chinese C1 vocabulary list — the words of “Advanced stance and structure” through “Precision, rhetoric, and genre”, in both directions: recognition (word → meaning) and production (meaning → word). They re-ask what the course data already contains; no answer here was written by a machine, and a generated drill is practice, never a lesson.

The C1 test — 10 items

The 10-item test closes Chinese C1. Answers are shown; in the course player the same test decides whether Chinese C2 unlocks.

1. build the argument統合課題1: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

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   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

2. build the argument統合課題2: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

3. build the argument統合課題3: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

4. build the argument統合課題4: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

5. build the argument統合課題5: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

6. build the argument統合課題6: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

7. build the argument統合課題7: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

8. build the argument統合課題8: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

9. build the argument統合課題9: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

   Show the answer

   六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

10. build the argument統合課題10: 射程と待遇を明示して分析・媒介・文体変換を行いなさい。

    Show the answer

    六課の日本語表現を用い、証拠、含意、結束性、読み手への配慮を説明する。

Chinese C1 beyond the drills — culture, reading, listening, idioms

These sections are written for Chinese C1 specifically. The reading text is EkGuru's own; the culture note cites where its facts come from; the idioms and the mistakes list are the ones this level actually trips over.

Culture note

A formal Chinese report can distinguish a source's statement, a directly observed result and the writer's interpretation. Phrases such as 据报告 and 由此可见 signal different relationships to evidence. Naming those relationships helps readers assess the conclusion without overstating what the source establishes.

Source (named, not linked): britannica.com.

Reading — read this aloud, slowly

What it says: Both studies found an increase in participation, but their locations and measurement periods differed. Read together, they show a shared trend; contextual differences still affect the interpretation.

Listening — one voice, one text

Use the speaker button to hear this text with a browser voice tagged zh-CN; playback starts only after a click. If no matching voice is installed, read it aloud yourself — the rhythm is the point.

What it says: Editor: Do the two studies contradict one another? Researcher: Not necessarily; their samples and periods differ. Editor: Then the summary should retain that distinction. Researcher: Yes, and note the shared trend as well.

10 idioms and fixed phrases

The 3 mistakes this level makes

• 报告证明所有地区都改善了。 → 报告显示部分地区有所改善。 Attribute the finding and keep its geographic scope.
• 有限证据应该被忽略。 → 有限证据不应被忽略，也不应被当作定论。 Do not turn limited evidence into either dismissal or certainty.
• 两项研究完全相同。 → 两项研究有共同发现，但语境并不相同。 Synthesis should preserve differences between study contexts.

Your task

Mandarin C1 reflection and production task Write a short response using two expressions from this rung. Name the audience, separate a source's statement from your inference, and keep the conclusion within the evidence. Read it aloud and revise for clarity and register.

After C1: the C1+ checkpoint

C1+ is not a certificate — it is the half-step between Chinese C1 and the next level, and it is on this site’s ladder because language schools use it. You are at C1+ when you can write for work, translate, teach a beginner. Get there by working the recall drills above and the review deck until nothing on this page surprises you, then open the C2 pages.

Keep going