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Punjabi B2 — B2 Upper-Intermediate Punjabi
Draft: not yet reviewed by a native speaker. Existing availability and indexing are preserved by owner instruction; that is not an editorial approval. Suggest a correction.
The whole Punjabi B2 level as one readable page: 3 units, 9 lessons, 63 words, 289 questions with every answer shown, a worksheet and a 10-item level test. Nothing here is behind JavaScript, and nothing needs an account.
What you can do when B2 is finished
- Report viewpoints and reason about unreal alternatives accurately.
- Use passive and formal Punjabi in public or professional contexts.
- Build balanced arguments and choose register with cultural awareness.
B2, unit by unit
Reporting and Hypothesis
Reported Speech and Viewpoints
Report what another person said, asked, or believed without losing the original viewpoint. Punjabi commonly uses ਕਿ (ki) to introduce reported content and adjusts pronouns or time expressions to the reporting context.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਬਿਆਨ | bian | statement |
| ਹਵਾਲਾ | havala | reference; quotation |
| ਦਾਅਵਾ | dava | claim |
| ਪੁੱਛਿਆ | puchhia | asked |
| ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ | javab ditta | answered |
| ਮੰਨਿਆ | mannia | believed; accepted |
| ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ਕੀਤਾ | zikar kita | mentioned |
| ਅਨੁਸਾਰ | anusar | according to |
Place a reporting clause before ਕਿ (ki), then give the reported message. Punjabi often keeps a natural tense rather than mechanically shifting every verb as English sometimes does.
reporter + reporting verb + ਕਿ + reported clause| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਵੇਗੀ। | us ne keha ki uh kallh avegi. | She said that she would come the next day. |
| ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਨੇ ਪੁੱਛਿਆ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਕਿਸ ਨੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। | adhiapak ne puchhia ki kam kis ne kita si. | The teacher asked who had done the work. |
| ਖ਼ਬਰਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਮੀਂਹ ਪੈ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। | khabran anusar minh pai sakda hai. | According to the news, it may rain. |
- Do not treat ਕਿ (ki, “that”) as ਕੀ (ki, “what”); their spelling and grammatical roles differ.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਨਵ | ਰੀਨਾ ਨੇ ਕੀ ਕਿਹਾ? | rina ne ki keha? | What did Reena say? |
| ਅਮਨ | ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਦੇਰ ਨਾਲ ਆਵੇਗੀ। | us ne keha ki uh der nal avegi. | She said that she would arrive late. |
| ਨਵ | ਕੀ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਾਰਨ ਦੱਸਿਆ? | ki us ne karan dassia? | Did she give a reason? |
| ਅਮਨ | ਹਾਂ, ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਰੇਲ ਰੁਕ ਗਈ ਸੀ। | han, us ne keha ki rel ruk gai si. | Yes, she said that the train had stopped. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. multiple choice, fill in the blank, translation, reverse translation, matching, reorder, sentence building, word selection, error correction, dialogue completion, reading comprehension, paragraph comprehension. Every exercise works on Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms.
multiple choicePractice 1 [multiple choice] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Choose the lesson meaning of ਬਿਆਨ (bian).
- statement
- reference; quotation
- claim
Show the answer
statement
fill the gapPractice 2 [fill in the blank] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Type the complete Gurmukhi form for “reference; quotation”.
Show the answer
ਹਵਾਲਾ
translatePractice 3 [translation] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Read ਦਾਅਵਾ (dava) and give its contextual English meaning.
Show the answer
claim
translate into the languagePractice 4 [reverse translation] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Write “asked” in Gurmukhi, not romanisation alone.
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ਪੁੱਛਿਆ
matchingPractice 5 [matching] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Match ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ to its meaning in this lesson.
- believed; accepted
- answered
- mentioned
Show the answer
answered
put it in orderPractice 6 [reorder] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: According to the news, it may rain.
Show the answer
ਖ਼ਬਰਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਮੀਂਹ ਪੈ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ।
build the sentencePractice 7 [sentence building] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: She said that she would come the next day.
Show the answer
ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਵੇਗੀ।
choose the wordPractice 8 [word selection] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Select the Gurmukhi form for “according to”.
- ਬਿਆਨ
- ਹਵਾਲਾ
- ਅਨੁਸਾਰ
Show the answer
ਅਨੁਸਾਰ
find the mistakePractice 9 [error correction] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Replace a literal, agreement, or register error with the taught model for “According to the news, it may rain.”.
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ਖ਼ਬਰਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਮੀਂਹ ਪੈ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ।
finish the dialoguePractice 10 [dialogue completion] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Complete ਅਮਨ’s turn: She said that she would arrive late.
Show the answer
ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਦੇਰ ਨਾਲ ਆਵੇਗੀ।
readingPractice 11 [reading comprehension] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Read ਕੀ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਾਰਨ ਦੱਸਿਆ? (ki us ne karan dassia?). What exact detail does it communicate?
Show the answer
Did she give a reason?
paragraphPractice 12 [paragraph comprehension] — Reported Speech and Viewpoints: Read the whole dialogue and explain this turn’s contribution: ਹਾਂ, ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਰੇਲ ਰੁਕ ਗਈ ਸੀ।
Show the answer
Yes, she said that the train had stopped.
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhat does ਬਿਆਨ (bian) mean?
- statement
- reference; quotation
- claim
- asked
Show the answer
statement
ਬਿਆਨ (bian) means “statement.”
quick checkWhat does ਹਵਾਲਾ (havala) mean?
- reference; quotation
- claim
- asked
- answered
Show the answer
reference; quotation
ਹਵਾਲਾ (havala) means “reference; quotation.”
quick checkWhat does ਦਾਅਵਾ (dava) mean?
- claim
- asked
- answered
- believed; accepted
Show the answer
claim
ਦਾਅਵਾ (dava) means “claim.”
quick checkWhat does ਪੁੱਛਿਆ (puchhia) mean?
- asked
- answered
- believed; accepted
- mentioned
Show the answer
asked
ਪੁੱਛਿਆ (puchhia) means “asked.”
quick checkWhat does ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ (javab ditta) mean?
- answered
- believed; accepted
- mentioned
- according to
Show the answer
answered
ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ (javab ditta) means “answered.”
Worksheet: Reported Speech and Viewpoints Worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Match the Punjabi terms to their meanings. | ਬਿਆਨ (bian) ਹਵਾਲਾ (havala) | statement reference; quotation |
| Translate these complete sentences. | ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਵੇਗੀ। (us ne keha ki uh kallh avegi.) ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਨੇ ਪੁੱਛਿਆ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਕਿਸ ਨੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। (adhiapak ne puchhia ki kam kis ne kita si.) | She said that she would come the next day. The teacher asked who had done the work. |
| Produce Gurmukhi and romanisation. | asked answered | ਪੁੱਛਿਆ (puchhia) ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ (javab ditta) |
| Integrated Punjabi offline lab: read, transform in Gurmukhi, and rehearse aloud. Check Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms. | ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਵੇਗੀ। ਰੀਨਾ ਨੇ ਕੀ ਕਿਹਾ? | She said that she would come the next day. What did Reena say? |
Review list. ਬਿਆਨ · ਹਵਾਲਾ · ਦਾਅਵਾ · ਪੁੱਛਿਆ
Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions
Discuss imagined present and past outcomes. These patterns let advanced learners consider alternatives, regrets, and consequences using ਜੇ (je), ਤਾਂ (tan), and conditional verb forms.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਸ਼ਰਤ | sharat | condition |
| ਨਤੀਜਾ | natija | result |
| ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ | sambhavna | possibility |
| ਕਲਪਨਾ | kalpana | imagination |
| ਅਫ਼ਸੋਸ | afsos | regret |
| ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ | nahin tan | otherwise |
| ਬਚ ਸਕਣਾ | bach sakna | to be able to avoid |
| ਚੋਣ | chon | choice |
Use ਜੇ plus a past habitual or pluperfect form for an unreal condition; the result often uses a conditional ending such as -ਦਾ/-ਦੀ. Context shows whether the speaker imagines the present or regrets the past.
ਜੇ + unreal condition, ਤਾਂ + conditional result| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਜੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ। | je mere kol sama hunda, tan main aunda. | If I had time, I would come. |
| ਜੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਿਕਲੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ, ਤਾਂ ਰੇਲ ਮਿਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ। | je asin pahilan nikle hunde, tan rel mil jandi. | If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. |
| ਜੇ ਤੂੰ ਦੱਸਦਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਦੀ। | je tun dassda, tan main madad kardi. | If you had told me, I would have helped. |
- Do not use a simple future in both clauses when describing an unreal past result.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਮੀਰਾ | ਕਾਸ਼ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਬਣਾਈ ਹੁੰਦੀ। | kash asin pahilan yojana banai hundi. | I wish we had planned earlier. |
| ਰਵੀ | ਜੇ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ, ਤਾਂ ਸਮਾਂ ਬਚ ਜਾਂਦਾ। | je yojana hundi, tan sama bach janda. | If there had been a plan, time would have been saved. |
| ਮੀਰਾ | ਹੁਣ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਕੀ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ? | hun sanun ki karna chahida hai? | What should we do now? |
| ਰਵੀ | ਜਲਦੀ ਚੱਲੀਏ, ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ ਦੇਰ ਹੋ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ। | jaldi challie, nahin tan der ho javegi. | Let us leave quickly; otherwise we will be late. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. main idea, detail identification, inference, listening comprehension, dictation, listen and choose, listen and reorder, listen and fill, repeat after audio, pronunciation, shadowing, guided speaking. Every exercise works on Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms.
the main ideaPractice 2 [main idea] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: State the main communicative purpose of “Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions”.
Show the answer
Discuss imagined present and past outcomes.
spot the detailPractice 3 [detail identification] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Read ਹੁਣ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਕੀ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ? (hun sanun ki karna chahida hai?). What exact detail does it communicate?
Show the answer
What should we do now?
what is meantPractice 4 [inference] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Infer the intended meaning of ਜੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ। without losing its qualification or social force.
Show the answer
If I had time, I would come.
listeningPractice 5 [listening comprehension] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Play the synthetic audio and give its precise contextual meaning.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
I wish we had planned earlier.
dictationPractice 6 [dictation] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Play the labeled synthetic Punjabi audio and type the complete line in Gurmukhi.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਜੇ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ, ਤਾਂ ਸਮਾਂ ਬਚ ਜਾਂਦਾ।
listen and choosePractice 7 [listen and choose] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Play the synthetic audio and choose its contextual meaning.
- What should we do now?
- Let us leave quickly; otherwise we will be late.
- to be able to avoid
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
What should we do now?
listen, then orderPractice 8 [listen and reorder] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਜੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਿਕਲੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ, ਤਾਂ ਰੇਲ ਮਿਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ।
listen and fillPractice 9 [listen and fill] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Play the synthetic audio and complete the line beginning “ਕਾਸ਼…”.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਕਾਸ਼ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਬਣਾਈ ਹੁੰਦੀ।
repeat itPractice 10 [repeat after audio] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Repeat the synthetic model with its phrase grouping; no microphone score is claimed.
audio drill — play it in the course player
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ਜੇ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ, ਤਾਂ ਸਮਾਂ ਬਚ ਜਾਂਦਾ।
pronunciationPractice 11 [pronunciation] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Practise ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ (sambhavna) with the lesson-specific sound pattern. Self-check only.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ
shadow the audioPractice 12 [shadowing] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Shadow the synthetic Punjabi model, preserving rhythm and target-language sounds. Self-check only.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਜਲਦੀ ਚੱਲੀਏ, ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ ਦੇਰ ਹੋ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ।
guided speakingPractice 13 [guided speaking] — Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions: Produce a spoken response demonstrating “Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions”; compare with the model.
Show the answer
ਜੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ।
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhat does ਸ਼ਰਤ (sharat) mean?
- condition
- result
- possibility
- imagination
Show the answer
condition
ਸ਼ਰਤ (sharat) means “condition.”
quick checkWhat does ਨਤੀਜਾ (natija) mean?
- result
- possibility
- imagination
- regret
Show the answer
result
ਨਤੀਜਾ (natija) means “result.”
quick checkWhat does ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ (sambhavna) mean?
- possibility
- imagination
- regret
- otherwise
Show the answer
possibility
ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ (sambhavna) means “possibility.”
quick checkWhat does ਕਲਪਨਾ (kalpana) mean?
- imagination
- regret
- otherwise
- to be able to avoid
Show the answer
imagination
ਕਲਪਨਾ (kalpana) means “imagination.”
quick checkWhat does ਅਫ਼ਸੋਸ (afsos) mean?
- regret
- otherwise
- to be able to avoid
- choice
Show the answer
regret
ਅਫ਼ਸੋਸ (afsos) means “regret.”
Worksheet: Hypotheses and Unreal Conditions Worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Match the Punjabi terms to their meanings. | ਸ਼ਰਤ (sharat) ਨਤੀਜਾ (natija) | condition result |
| Translate these complete sentences. | ਜੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ। (je mere kol sama hunda, tan main aunda.) ਜੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਿਕਲੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ, ਤਾਂ ਰੇਲ ਮਿਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ। (je asin pahilan nikle hunde, tan rel mil jandi.) | If I had time, I would come. If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. |
| Produce Gurmukhi and romanisation. | imagination regret | ਕਲਪਨਾ (kalpana) ਅਫ਼ਸੋਸ (afsos) |
| Integrated Punjabi offline lab: read, transform in Gurmukhi, and rehearse aloud. Check Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms. | ਜੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ। ਕਾਸ਼ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਬਣਾਈ ਹੁੰਦੀ। | If I had time, I would come. I wish we had planned earlier. |
Review list. ਸ਼ਰਤ · ਨਤੀਜਾ · ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ · ਕਲਪਨਾ
ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ
Reporting what somebody said puts the whole sentence after ਕਿ, and the pronouns shift: the speaker's ਮੈਂ becomes ਉਹ, my becomes his. The tense moves back one step, and the word ਹਵਾਲਾ names the source, which is what makes a report checkable.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਬਿਆਨ | bian | statement |
| ਹਵਾਲਾ | havala | reference, citation |
| ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ | adhikari | officer, official |
| ਸਬੰਧਤ | sabdhat | concerned, related |
| ਸਪਸ਼ਟ | spasht | clear, explicit |
The reporting verb comes first and everything said follows ਕਿ: ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ. Inside the report the speaker's ਮੈਂ turns into ਉਹ and ਮੇਰਾ into ਉਸ ਦਾ. The passive ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਗਿਆ keeps the source unnamed but present.
ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ · ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ · ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ। | adhikari ne kiha ki uh sabdhat daftar vich janch karega. | The officer said that he would investigate in the concerned office. |
| ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ। | havale anusar report spasht hai. | According to the reference the report is clear. |
| ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਕਿ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ। | ih gal spasht kiti gai ki meeting agle hafte hovegi. | It was made clear that the meeting would be next week. |
- ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਮੈਂ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ। → ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ। In a report the speaker's ਮੈਂ changes to ਉਹ.
- ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। → ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ। The tense of the report moves back: ਹੈ becomes ਹੋਵੇਗਾ.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਰਿਪੋਰਟਰ | ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕੀ ਕਿਹਾ? | adhikari ne ki kiha? | What did the officer say? |
| ਕਲਰਕ | ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨਗੇ। | unhan ne kiha ki uh kallh janch karange. | They said that they would investigate tomorrow. |
| ਰਿਪੋਰਟਰ | ਕੀ ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਹੈ? | ki ih likhti hai? | Is this in writing? |
| ਕਲਰਕ | ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਪੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। | havale anusar pattar vich spasht likhia hoia hai. | According to the reference it is clearly written in the letter. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. Punjabi. Every exercise works on Gurmukhi, three tones written by ਘ ਝ ਢ ਧ ਭ and the ਹ series, three-way address (ਤੂੰ / ਤੁਸੀਂ / ਤੁਸੀਂ ਜੀ), the ergative ਨੇ in the perfective, verb-final order, and the analytical future (-ਆਂਗਾ/-ੇਗਾ).
multiple choicePractice 1: [multiple choice] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Choose the meaning of ਬਿਆਨ (bian) in this lesson.
- statement
- reference, citation
- officer, official
- concerned, related
Show the answer
statement
fill the gapPractice 2: [fill in the blank] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Type the Punjabi expression meaning “reference, citation”.
Show the answer
ਹਵਾਲਾ
translatePractice 3: [translation] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Interpret the Gurmukhi in context: ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ। (adhikari ne kiha ki uh sabdhat daftar vich janch karega.).
Show the answer
The officer said that he would investigate in the concerned office.
translate into the languagePractice 4: [reverse translation] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Write in Gurmukhi: According to the reference the report is clear..
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ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ।
matchingPractice 5: [matching] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Match ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ to its lesson meaning.
- officer, official
- statement
- reference, citation
Show the answer
officer, official
put it in orderPractice 6: [reorder] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Reconstruct the lesson model in coherent Punjabi: It was made clear that the meeting would be next week..
Show the answer
ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਕਿ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।
build the sentencePractice 7: [sentence building] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Build the sentence with the lesson pattern (ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ · ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ · ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ): The officer said that he would investigate in the concerned office..
Show the answer
ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ।
choose the wordPractice 8: [word selection] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Select the Punjabi form for “concerned, related”.
- ਸਬੰਧਤ
- ਸਪਸ਼ਟ
Show the answer
ਸਬੰਧਤ
find the mistakePractice 9: [error correction] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Correct the model the lesson warns about: ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਮੈਂ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ।
Show the answer
ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ।
finish the dialoguePractice 10: [dialogue completion] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Complete the exchange with the studied response to: What did the officer say?
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ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨਗੇ।
readingPractice 11: [reading comprehension] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Read “ਕੀ ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਹੈ?” (ki ih likhti hai?). What does it mean?
Show the answer
Is this in writing?
paragraphPractice 12: [paragraph comprehension] ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਆਨ — Read the lesson dialogue as a whole and give its key move: According to the reference it is clearly written in the letter.
Show the answer
ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਪੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ।
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਬਿਆਨ?
- statement
- reference, citation
- officer, official
- concerned, related
Show the answer
statement
ਬਿਆਨ (bian) means statement in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਹਵਾਲਾ?
- reference, citation
- statement
- officer, official
- concerned, related
Show the answer
reference, citation
ਹਵਾਲਾ (havala) means reference, citation in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ?
- officer, official
- statement
- reference, citation
- concerned, related
Show the answer
officer, official
ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ (adhikari) means officer, official in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਸਬੰਧਤ?
- concerned, related
- statement
- reference, citation
- officer, official
Show the answer
concerned, related
ਸਬੰਧਤ (sabdhat) means concerned, related in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਸਪਸ਼ਟ?
- clear, explicit
- statement
- reference, citation
- officer, official
Show the answer
clear, explicit
ਸਪਸ਼ਟ (spasht) means clear, explicit in this lesson.
Worksheet: Report worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Report the words. | the officer said that he would investigate it was made clear that the meeting would be next week | ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ ਇਹ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਕਿ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ |
| Name the source. | according to the reference the concerned office | ਹਵਾਲੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ |
| Integrated offline practice: read the first model, transform or extend it in Gurmukhi, then rehearse it as a dialogue. Self-check meaning, grammar, and register. | ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰੇਗਾ। ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਕੀ ਕਿਹਾ? | The officer said that he would investigate in the concerned office. What did the officer say? |
Review list. ਬਿਆਨ · ਹਵਾਲਾ · ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ · ਸਬੰਧਤ
Formal Public Communication
Passive and Impersonal Style
Recognise and produce passive constructions used in notices, news, and formal explanations. Punjabi forms many passives with a perfective participle plus ਜਾਣਾ (jana), while impersonal wording keeps attention on the action.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਐਲਾਨ | ailan | announcement |
| ਕਾਰਵਾਈ | karvai | action; procedure |
| ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ | manzuri | approval |
| ਪਾਬੰਦੀ | pabandi | restriction |
| ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ | lagu karna | to implement |
| ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨਾ | janch karna | to inspect |
| ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ | prakashit | published |
| ਸੂਚਿਤ | suchit | informed |
Make a passive from the perfective verb plus a form of ਜਾਣਾ (jana). The participle agrees with the grammatical subject, and the agent may be omitted when unknown or unimportant.
subject + perfective participle + ਜਾਣਾ form| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। | navan niyam lagu kita gia hai. | A new rule has been implemented. |
| ਅਰਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ। | arzian di janch kiti javegi. | The applications will be examined. |
| ਸਾਰੇ ਮੈਂਬਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਚਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। | sare memberan nun suchit kita gia. | All members were informed. |
- Do not translate every English passive literally; use an active Punjabi sentence when the agent is central and natural.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਨਾਗਰਿਕ | ਕੀ ਨਵਾਂ ਐਲਾਨ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ? | ki navan ailan prakashit ho gia hai? | Has the new announcement been published? |
| ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ | ਹਾਂ, ਇਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। | han, ih kallh prakashit kita gia si. | Yes, it was published yesterday. |
| ਨਾਗਰਿਕ | ਅਰਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਕਦੋਂ ਜਾਂਚੀਆਂ ਜਾਣਗੀਆਂ? | arzian kadon janchian jangian? | When will the applications be examined? |
| ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ | ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ। | agle hafte janch kiti javegi. | The examination will be done next week. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. free response, roleplay, sentence writing, short writing, paraphrase, summary, guided composition, register transformation, tone identification, semantic distinction, contextual meaning, argument construction. Every exercise works on Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms.
answer in your own wordsPractice 3 [free response] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Produce a spoken response demonstrating “Passive and Impersonal Style”; compare with the model.
Show the answer
ਸਾਰੇ ਮੈਂਬਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਚਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ।
role playPractice 4 [roleplay] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Role-play ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ with appropriate register: The examination will be done next week.
Show the answer
ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ।
write a sentencePractice 5 [sentence writing] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Write one accurate Gurmukhi sentence using ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ.
Show the answer
ਅਰਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ।
short writingPractice 6 [short writing] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Write 2–3 connected Punjabi sentences applying Passive and Impersonal Style.
Show the answer
ਸਾਰੇ ਮੈਂਬਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਚਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।
say it another wayPractice 7 [paraphrase] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Paraphrase without changing meaning, morphology, or register: ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।
Show the answer
ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।
summarisePractice 8 [summary] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Summarize the dialogue in one precise Punjabi sentence.
Show the answer
ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ।
guided compositionPractice 9 [guided composition] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Compose a short response with the taught pattern “subject + perfective participle + ਜਾਣਾ form”.
Show the answer
ਸਾਰੇ ਮੈਂਬਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਚਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ।
change the registerPractice 10 [register transformation] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Recast “A new rule has been implemented.” in the formal/respectful or colloquial register taught here.
Show the answer
ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।
read the tonePractice 11 [tone identification] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Identify the tone or stance of ਅਰਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ।.
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The wording realizes Passive with ਜਾਣਾ with the lesson-appropriate stance and register.
which one fitsPractice 12 [semantic distinction] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Distinguish ਪਾਬੰਦੀ from ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ in meaning and use.
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ਪਾਬੰਦੀ means “restriction”; ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ means “to implement”. Grammar and context determine the choice.
meaning in contextPractice 13 [contextual meaning] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Explain the contextual force of ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ in this lesson.
Show the answer
Here it contributes “to implement” within Passive with ਜਾਣਾ.
build the argumentPractice 14 [argument construction] — Passive and Impersonal Style: Build a claim and support in the register of “Passive and Impersonal Style”.
Show the answer
ਅਰਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ। ਸਾਰੇ ਮੈਂਬਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਚਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ।
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhat does ਐਲਾਨ (ailan) mean?
- announcement
- action; procedure
- approval
- restriction
Show the answer
announcement
ਐਲਾਨ (ailan) means “announcement.”
quick checkWhat does ਕਾਰਵਾਈ (karvai) mean?
- action; procedure
- approval
- restriction
- to implement
Show the answer
action; procedure
ਕਾਰਵਾਈ (karvai) means “action; procedure.”
quick checkWhat does ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ (manzuri) mean?
- approval
- restriction
- to implement
- to inspect
Show the answer
approval
ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ (manzuri) means “approval.”
quick checkWhat does ਪਾਬੰਦੀ (pabandi) mean?
- restriction
- to implement
- to inspect
- published
Show the answer
restriction
ਪਾਬੰਦੀ (pabandi) means “restriction.”
quick checkWhat does ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ (lagu karna) mean?
- to implement
- to inspect
- published
- informed
Show the answer
to implement
ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ (lagu karna) means “to implement.”
Worksheet: Passive and Impersonal Style Worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Match the Punjabi terms to their meanings. | ਐਲਾਨ (ailan) ਕਾਰਵਾਈ (karvai) | announcement action; procedure |
| Translate these complete sentences. | ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। (navan niyam lagu kita gia hai.) ਅਰਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ। (arzian di janch kiti javegi.) | A new rule has been implemented. The applications will be examined. |
| Produce Gurmukhi and romanisation. | restriction to implement | ਪਾਬੰਦੀ (pabandi) ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ (lagu karna) |
| Integrated Punjabi offline lab: read, transform in Gurmukhi, and rehearse aloud. Check Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms. | ਨਵਾਂ ਨਿਯਮ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਕੀ ਨਵਾਂ ਐਲਾਨ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ? | A new rule has been implemented. Has the new announcement been published? |
Review list. ਐਲਾਨ · ਕਾਰਵਾਈ · ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ · ਪਾਬੰਦੀ
Formal Messages and Applications
Write courteous messages, requests, and short applications. Organise purpose, supporting detail, and requested action while using formal Punjabi address and closing conventions.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਵਿਸ਼ਾ | visha | subject; topic |
| ਅਰਜ਼ੀ | arzi | application |
| ਬੇਨਤੀ | benti | request |
| ਸੰਬੰਧੀ | sabandhi | regarding |
| ਵੇਰਵਾ | verva | detail |
| ਨੱਥੀ | natthi | attached |
| ਆਪ ਜੀ | ap ji | you, highly respectful |
| ਧੰਨਵਾਦੀ | dhanvadi | grateful |
State the purpose with ਸੰਬੰਧੀ (sabandhi) or ਲਈ (lai). Use ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ (ap ji nun benti hai ki) before the requested action, then close respectfully.
context + ਸੰਬੰਧੀ; ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ + request| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਇਹ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਹੈ। | ih arzi chhutti sabandhi hai. | This application concerns leave. |
| ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮੇਰੀ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ। | ap ji nun benti hai ki meri arzi manzur kiti jave. | I respectfully request that my application be approved. |
| ਲੋੜੀਂਦੇ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਨੱਥੀ ਹਨ। | lorinde dastavez natthi han. | The required documents are attached. |
- Avoid casual ਤੂੰ/ਤੁਸੀਂ forms in a formal application when ਆਪ ਜੀ (ap ji) is expected.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਕਰਮਚਾਰੀ | ਮੈਂ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਲਈ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਲਿਖਣੀ ਹੈ। | main chhutti lai arzi likhni hai. | I need to write a leave application. |
| ਸਹਾਇਕ | ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਾਰੀਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ਕਰੋ। | vishe vich tarikhan da zikar karo. | Mention the dates in the subject. |
| ਕਰਮਚਾਰੀ | ਕੀ ਕਾਰਨ ਦਾ ਵੇਰਵਾ ਵੀ ਲਿਖਾਂ? | ki karan da verva vi likhan? | Should I also write details of the reason? |
| ਸਹਾਇਕ | ਜੀ, ਅਤੇ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਨੱਥੀ ਕਰੋ। | ji, ate dastavez natthi karo. | Yes, and attach the documents. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. discourse ordering, style rewriting, multiple choice, fill in the blank, translation, reverse translation, matching, reorder, sentence building, word selection, error correction, dialogue completion. Every exercise works on Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms.
order the textPractice 4 [discourse ordering] — Formal Messages and Applications: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: This application concerns leave.
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ਇਹ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਹੈ।
rewrite the stylePractice 5 [style rewriting] — Formal Messages and Applications: Rewrite “I respectfully request that my application be approved.” in this lesson’s genre and style.
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ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮੇਰੀ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ।
multiple choicePractice 6 [multiple choice] — Formal Messages and Applications: Choose the lesson meaning of ਨੱਥੀ (natthi).
- attached
- you, highly respectful
- grateful
Show the answer
attached
fill the gapPractice 7 [fill in the blank] — Formal Messages and Applications: Type the complete Gurmukhi form for “you, highly respectful”.
Show the answer
ਆਪ ਜੀ
translatePractice 8 [translation] — Formal Messages and Applications: Read ਧੰਨਵਾਦੀ (dhanvadi) and give its contextual English meaning.
Show the answer
grateful
translate into the languagePractice 9 [reverse translation] — Formal Messages and Applications: Write “subject; topic” in Gurmukhi, not romanisation alone.
Show the answer
ਵਿਸ਼ਾ
matchingPractice 10 [matching] — Formal Messages and Applications: Match ਅਰਜ਼ੀ to its meaning in this lesson.
- request
- application
- regarding
Show the answer
application
put it in orderPractice 11 [reorder] — Formal Messages and Applications: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: I respectfully request that my application be approved.
Show the answer
ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮੇਰੀ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ।
build the sentencePractice 12 [sentence building] — Formal Messages and Applications: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: The required documents are attached.
Show the answer
ਲੋੜੀਂਦੇ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਨੱਥੀ ਹਨ।
choose the wordPractice 13 [word selection] — Formal Messages and Applications: Select the Gurmukhi form for “detail”.
- ਨੱਥੀ
- ਆਪ ਜੀ
- ਵੇਰਵਾ
Show the answer
ਵੇਰਵਾ
find the mistakePractice 14 [error correction] — Formal Messages and Applications: Replace a literal, agreement, or register error with the taught model for “I respectfully request that my application be approved.”.
Show the answer
ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮੇਰੀ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ।
finish the dialoguePractice 15 [dialogue completion] — Formal Messages and Applications: Complete ਕਰਮਚਾਰੀ’s turn: Should I also write details of the reason?
Show the answer
ਕੀ ਕਾਰਨ ਦਾ ਵੇਰਵਾ ਵੀ ਲਿਖਾਂ?
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhat does ਵਿਸ਼ਾ (visha) mean?
- subject; topic
- application
- request
- regarding
Show the answer
subject; topic
ਵਿਸ਼ਾ (visha) means “subject; topic.”
quick checkWhat does ਅਰਜ਼ੀ (arzi) mean?
- application
- request
- regarding
- detail
Show the answer
application
ਅਰਜ਼ੀ (arzi) means “application.”
quick checkWhat does ਬੇਨਤੀ (benti) mean?
- request
- regarding
- detail
- attached
Show the answer
request
ਬੇਨਤੀ (benti) means “request.”
quick checkWhat does ਸੰਬੰਧੀ (sabandhi) mean?
- regarding
- detail
- attached
- you, highly respectful
Show the answer
regarding
ਸੰਬੰਧੀ (sabandhi) means “regarding.”
quick checkWhat does ਵੇਰਵਾ (verva) mean?
- detail
- attached
- you, highly respectful
- grateful
Show the answer
detail
ਵੇਰਵਾ (verva) means “detail.”
Worksheet: Formal Messages and Applications Worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Match the Punjabi terms to their meanings. | ਵਿਸ਼ਾ (visha) ਅਰਜ਼ੀ (arzi) | subject; topic application |
| Translate these complete sentences. | ਇਹ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਹੈ। (ih arzi chhutti sabandhi hai.) ਆਪ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮੇਰੀ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ। (ap ji nun benti hai ki meri arzi manzur kiti jave.) | This application concerns leave. I respectfully request that my application be approved. |
| Produce Gurmukhi and romanisation. | regarding detail | ਸੰਬੰਧੀ (sabandhi) ਵੇਰਵਾ (verva) |
| Integrated Punjabi offline lab: read, transform in Gurmukhi, and rehearse aloud. Check Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms. | ਇਹ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਹੈ। ਮੈਂ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਲਈ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਲਿਖਣੀ ਹੈ। | This application concerns leave. I need to write a leave application. |
Review list. ਵਿਸ਼ਾ · ਅਰਜ਼ੀ · ਬੇਨਤੀ · ਸੰਬੰਧੀ
ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ
Figures in Punjabi take the postposition that matches their role: ਵਿੱਚੋਂ for a part of a total, ਤੱਕ for a limit, ਨਾਲੋਂ for a comparison. ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ, ਲੱਖ and ਕਰੋੜ are nouns, so the verb agreeing with them stays singular.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ | fisadi | percent |
| ਲੱਖ | lakkh | hundred thousand |
| ਆਬਾਦੀ | abadi | population |
| ਵਾਧਾ | vadha | increase |
| ਕਮੀ | kami | shortage, decrease |
ਵੱਧ and ਘੱਟ take ਨਾਲੋਂ for the thing compared (ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਵੱਧ), ਵਿੱਚੋਂ takes a part out of the whole (ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ), and ਤੱਕ gives the limit (ਦਸ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਤੱਕ). Figures stay singular: ਵੀਹ ਲੱਖ ਹੈ.
ਆਬਾਦੀ ਸੋਲਾਂ ਲੱਖ ਹੈ · ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਦੋ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵੱਧ · ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਇਸ ਸਾਲ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੋ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵਾਧਾ ਹੋਇਆ। | is sal abadi vich do fisadi vadha hoia. | This year there was a two percent increase in population. |
| ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਹੈ। | pichhle sal nalon paidavar vaddh hai. | Production is higher than last year. |
| ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਲਾਭ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ। | har sau vichon char parivar labh lainde han. | Out of every hundred, four families benefit. |
- ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। → ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਹੈ। A comparison needs ਵੱਧ ਹੈ, not ਵੱਧ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ.
- ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਾਰ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ। → ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ। A part of a total takes ਵਿੱਚੋਂ.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ | ਇਸ ਵਾਰ ਦਾ ਵਾਧਾ ਕੀ ਹੈ? | is var da vadha ki hai? | What is the increase this time? |
| ਕਲਰਕ | ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਤਿੰਨ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵੱਧ। | pichhle sal nalon tinn fisadi vaddh. | Three percent more than last year. |
| ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ | ਆਬਾਦੀ ਦਾ ਅੰਕੜਾ? | abadi da ankra? | The population figure? |
| ਕਲਰਕ | ਲਗਭਗ ਤੀਹ ਲੱਖ, ਅਤੇ ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਸੱਠ ਪਿੰਡਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਣੀ ਪਹੁੰਚਿਆ। | lagbhag tih lakkh, ate har sau vichon satth pindan vich pani pahunchia. | About three million, and in sixty out of every hundred villages water has reached. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. Punjabi. Every exercise works on Gurmukhi, three tones written by ਘ ਝ ਢ ਧ ਭ and the ਹ series, three-way address (ਤੂੰ / ਤੁਸੀਂ / ਤੁਸੀਂ ਜੀ), the ergative ਨੇ in the perfective, verb-final order, and the analytical future (-ਆਂਗਾ/-ੇਗਾ).
multiple choicePractice 1: [multiple choice] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Choose the meaning of ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ (fisadi) in this lesson.
- percent
- hundred thousand
- population
- increase
Show the answer
percent
fill the gapPractice 2: [fill in the blank] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Type the Punjabi expression meaning “hundred thousand”.
Show the answer
ਲੱਖ
translatePractice 3: [translation] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Interpret the Gurmukhi in context: ਇਸ ਸਾਲ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੋ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵਾਧਾ ਹੋਇਆ। (is sal abadi vich do fisadi vadha hoia.).
Show the answer
This year there was a two percent increase in population.
translate into the languagePractice 4: [reverse translation] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Write in Gurmukhi: Production is higher than last year..
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ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਹੈ।
matchingPractice 5: [matching] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Match ਆਬਾਦੀ to its lesson meaning.
- population
- percent
- hundred thousand
Show the answer
population
put it in orderPractice 6: [reorder] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Reconstruct the lesson model in coherent Punjabi: Out of every hundred, four families benefit..
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ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਲਾਭ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ।
build the sentencePractice 7: [sentence building] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Build the sentence with the lesson pattern (ਆਬਾਦੀ ਸੋਲਾਂ ਲੱਖ ਹੈ · ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਦੋ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵੱਧ · ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ): This year there was a two percent increase in population..
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ਇਸ ਸਾਲ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੋ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵਾਧਾ ਹੋਇਆ।
choose the wordPractice 8: [word selection] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Select the Punjabi form for “increase”.
- ਵਾਧਾ
- ਕਮੀ
Show the answer
ਵਾਧਾ
find the mistakePractice 9: [error correction] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Correct the model the lesson warns about: ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ।
Show the answer
ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਹੈ।
finish the dialoguePractice 10: [dialogue completion] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Complete the exchange with the studied response to: What is the increase this time?
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ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਤਿੰਨ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵੱਧ।
readingPractice 11: [reading comprehension] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Read “ਆਬਾਦੀ ਦਾ ਅੰਕੜਾ?” (abadi da ankra?). What does it mean?
Show the answer
The population figure?
paragraphPractice 12: [paragraph comprehension] ਅੰਕੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — Read the lesson dialogue as a whole and give its key move: About three million, and in sixty out of every hundred villages water has reached.
Show the answer
ਲਗਭਗ ਤੀਹ ਲੱਖ, ਅਤੇ ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਸੱਠ ਪਿੰਡਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਣੀ ਪਹੁੰਚਿਆ।
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ?
- percent
- hundred thousand
- population
- increase
Show the answer
percent
ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ (fisadi) means percent in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਲੱਖ?
- hundred thousand
- percent
- population
- increase
Show the answer
hundred thousand
ਲੱਖ (lakkh) means hundred thousand in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਆਬਾਦੀ?
- population
- percent
- hundred thousand
- increase
Show the answer
population
ਆਬਾਦੀ (abadi) means population in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਵਾਧਾ?
- increase
- percent
- hundred thousand
- population
Show the answer
increase
ਵਾਧਾ (vadha) means increase in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਕਮੀ?
- shortage, decrease
- percent
- hundred thousand
- population
Show the answer
shortage, decrease
ਕਮੀ (kami) means shortage, decrease in this lesson.
Worksheet: Figures worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| State the comparison. | three percent more than last year production is higher than last year | ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਤਿੰਨ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵੱਧ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਵੱਧ ਹੈ |
| Give the figure. | the population is about three million four out of every hundred families | ਆਬਾਦੀ ਲਗਭਗ ਤੀਹ ਲੱਖ ਹੈ ਹਰ ਸੌ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ |
| Integrated offline practice: read the first model, transform or extend it in Gurmukhi, then rehearse it as a dialogue. Self-check meaning, grammar, and register. | ਇਸ ਸਾਲ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੋ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਵਾਧਾ ਹੋਇਆ। ਇਸ ਵਾਰ ਦਾ ਵਾਧਾ ਕੀ ਹੈ? | This year there was a two percent increase in population. What is the increase this time? |
Review list. ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ · ਲੱਖ · ਆਬਾਦੀ · ਵਾਧਾ
Argument and Nuance
Balanced Debate and Evidence
Present a structured argument, acknowledge another view, and qualify a conclusion. This lesson moves beyond simple opinions to evidence, contrast, scope, and cautious claims.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਦਲੀਲ | dalil | argument |
| ਸਬੂਤ | sabut | evidence |
| ਪੱਖ | pakh | side; position |
| ਵਿਰੋਧ | virodh | opposition |
| ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ | halanki | although |
| ਇਸ ਲਈ | is lai | therefore |
| ਕੁਝ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ | kujh hadd takk | to some extent |
| ਨਿਰਪੱਖ | nirpakh | impartial |
Use ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ (halanki) to concede a point before giving a contrasting main claim. Use ਇਸ ਲਈ (is lai) for a consequence, and ਕੁਝ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ (kujh hadd takk) to limit agreement.
ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ + conceded point, main claim; evidence + ਇਸ ਲਈ + conclusion| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਮਹਿੰਗੀ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਾਇਦੇ ਵੱਧ ਹਨ। | halanki yojana mahngi hai, is de faide vadh han. | Although the plan is expensive, its benefits are greater. |
| ਸਬੂਤ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹਨ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਮੈਂ ਇਸ ਪੱਖ ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹਾਂ। | sabut sapashat han, is lai main is pakh nal sahimat han. | The evidence is clear; therefore I agree with this position. |
| ਮੈਂ ਕੁਝ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹਾਂ। | main kujh hadd takk tuhade nal sahimat han. | I agree with you to some extent. |
- Do not use ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ (halanki) and ਪਰ (par) repeatedly in the same short sentence unless contrast truly needs both.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਸੋਨੀਆ | ਕੀ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਰ ਬੱਸਾਂ ਚਾਹੀਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ? | ki shahir vich hor bassan chahidiyan han? | Does the city need more buses? |
| ਇਮਰਾਨ | ਹਾਂ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਭੀੜ ਬਾਰੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹਨ। | han, kiunki bhir bare sabut sapashat han. | Yes, because the evidence about crowding is clear. |
| ਸੋਨੀਆ | ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਸ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਦੀ ਲਾਗਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ। | halanki is yojana di lagat vaddi hovegi. | Although this plan will cost a lot. |
| ਇਮਰਾਨ | ਸਹੀ, ਪਰ ਲੰਮੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਫ਼ਾਇਦਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। | sahi, par lamme same vich faida hovega. | True, but it will be beneficial in the long term. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. reading comprehension, paragraph comprehension, main idea, detail identification, inference, listening comprehension, dictation, listen and choose, listen and reorder, listen and fill, repeat after audio, pronunciation. Every exercise works on Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms.
readingPractice 5 [reading comprehension] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Read ਕੀ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਰ ਬੱਸਾਂ ਚਾਹੀਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ? (ki shahir vich hor bassan chahidiyan han?). What exact detail does it communicate?
Show the answer
Does the city need more buses?
paragraphPractice 6 [paragraph comprehension] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Read the whole dialogue and explain this turn’s contribution: ਹਾਂ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਭੀੜ ਬਾਰੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹਨ।
Show the answer
Yes, because the evidence about crowding is clear.
the main ideaPractice 7 [main idea] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: State the main communicative purpose of “Balanced Debate and Evidence”.
Show the answer
Present a structured argument, acknowledge another view, and qualify a conclusion.
spot the detailPractice 8 [detail identification] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Read ਸਹੀ, ਪਰ ਲੰਮੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਫ਼ਾਇਦਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। (sahi, par lamme same vich faida hovega.). What exact detail does it communicate?
Show the answer
True, but it will be beneficial in the long term.
what is meantPractice 9 [inference] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Infer the intended meaning of ਮੈਂ ਕੁਝ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹਾਂ। without losing its qualification or social force.
Show the answer
I agree with you to some extent.
listeningPractice 10 [listening comprehension] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Play the synthetic audio and give its precise contextual meaning.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
Yes, because the evidence about crowding is clear.
dictationPractice 11 [dictation] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Play the labeled synthetic Punjabi audio and type the complete line in Gurmukhi.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਸ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਦੀ ਲਾਗਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।
listen and choosePractice 12 [listen and choose] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Play the synthetic audio and choose its contextual meaning.
- True, but it will be beneficial in the long term.
- Does the city need more buses?
- opposition
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
True, but it will be beneficial in the long term.
listen, then orderPractice 13 [listen and reorder] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Rebuild this model with correct Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms: Although the plan is expensive, its benefits are greater.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਮਹਿੰਗੀ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਾਇਦੇ ਵੱਧ ਹਨ।
listen and fillPractice 14 [listen and fill] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Play the synthetic audio and complete the line beginning “ਹਾਂ,…”.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਹਾਂ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਭੀੜ ਬਾਰੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹਨ।
repeat itPractice 15 [repeat after audio] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Repeat the synthetic model with its phrase grouping; no microphone score is claimed.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਸ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਦੀ ਲਾਗਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।
pronunciationPractice 16 [pronunciation] — Balanced Debate and Evidence: Practise ਨਿਰਪੱਖ (nirpakh) with the lesson-specific sound pattern. Self-check only.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਨਿਰਪੱਖ
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhat does ਦਲੀਲ (dalil) mean?
- argument
- evidence
- side; position
- opposition
Show the answer
argument
ਦਲੀਲ (dalil) means “argument.”
quick checkWhat does ਸਬੂਤ (sabut) mean?
- evidence
- side; position
- opposition
- although
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evidence
ਸਬੂਤ (sabut) means “evidence.”
quick checkWhat does ਪੱਖ (pakh) mean?
- side; position
- opposition
- although
- therefore
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side; position
ਪੱਖ (pakh) means “side; position.”
quick checkWhat does ਵਿਰੋਧ (virodh) mean?
- opposition
- although
- therefore
- to some extent
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opposition
ਵਿਰੋਧ (virodh) means “opposition.”
quick checkWhat does ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ (halanki) mean?
- although
- therefore
- to some extent
- impartial
Show the answer
although
ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ (halanki) means “although.”
Worksheet: Balanced Debate and Evidence Worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Match the Punjabi terms to their meanings. | ਦਲੀਲ (dalil) ਸਬੂਤ (sabut) | argument evidence |
| Translate these complete sentences. | ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਮਹਿੰਗੀ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਾਇਦੇ ਵੱਧ ਹਨ। (halanki yojana mahngi hai, is de faide vadh han.) ਸਬੂਤ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹਨ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਮੈਂ ਇਸ ਪੱਖ ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹਾਂ। (sabut sapashat han, is lai main is pakh nal sahimat han.) | Although the plan is expensive, its benefits are greater. The evidence is clear; therefore I agree with this position. |
| Produce Gurmukhi and romanisation. | opposition although | ਵਿਰੋਧ (virodh) ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ (halanki) |
| Integrated Punjabi offline lab: read, transform in Gurmukhi, and rehearse aloud. Check Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms. | ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਮਹਿੰਗੀ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਾਇਦੇ ਵੱਧ ਹਨ। ਕੀ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਰ ਬੱਸਾਂ ਚਾਹੀਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ? | Although the plan is expensive, its benefits are greater. Does the city need more buses? |
Review list. ਦਲੀਲ · ਸਬੂਤ · ਪੱਖ · ਵਿਰੋਧ
Register, Idiom, and Nuance
Choose language suited to a close friend, elder, workplace, or public audience. Interpret common figurative phrases through context instead of translating each word literally.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਲਹਿਜਾ | lahija | tone; accent |
| ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ | muhavra | idiom |
| ਰਸਮੀ | rasmi | formal |
| ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ | ghair-rasmi | informal |
| ਢੁਕਵਾਂ | dhukvan | appropriate |
| ਭਾਵ | bhav | sense; implication |
| ਸੰਦਰਭ | sandarb | context |
| ਸੰਕੇਤ | sanket | hint; indication |
Respectful pronouns and verb endings mark formal register. Idioms such as ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾਉਣਾ (hatth vatauna) carry a conventional meaning—“to lend a hand”—that must be learned as a whole.
audience + appropriate address; idiom + contextual meaning| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ? | ki tusin mera hatth vata sakde ho? | Could you lend me a hand? |
| ਉਸ ਨੇ ਗੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਲਾ ਲਿਆ। | us ne gall nun dil utte la lia. | He or she took the matter to heart. |
| ਇਹ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਰਸਮੀ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ। | ih lahija rasmi miting lai dhukvan hai. | This tone is appropriate for a formal meeting. |
- Do not infer an idiom’s meaning by translating its words separately; confirm its conventional contextual sense.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਹਰਜੀਤ | ਇਹ ਸੁਨੇਹਾ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ? | ih suneha manager lai dhukvan hai? | Is this message appropriate for the manager? |
| ਕਿਰਨ | ਭਾਵ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ ਹੈ। | bhav sapashat hai, par lahija ghair-rasmi hai. | The meaning is clear, but the tone is informal. |
| ਹਰਜੀਤ | ਮੈਂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਰ ਰਸਮੀ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਬਣਾਵਾਂ? | main is nun hor rasmi kiven banavan? | How can I make it more formal? |
| ਕਿਰਨ | ਆਪ ਜੀ ਲਿਖੋ ਅਤੇ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਵਾਲਾ ਰੂਪ ਵਰਤੋ। | ap ji likho ate benti vala rup varto. | Write “aap ji” and use a request form. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. shadowing, guided speaking, free response, roleplay, sentence writing, short writing, paraphrase, summary, guided composition, register transformation, tone identification, semantic distinction. Every exercise works on Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms.
shadow the audioPractice 6 [shadowing] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Shadow the synthetic Punjabi model, preserving rhythm and target-language sounds. Self-check only.
audio drill — play it in the course player
Show the answer
ਭਾਵ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ ਹੈ।
guided speakingPractice 7 [guided speaking] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Produce a spoken response demonstrating “Register, Idiom, and Nuance”; compare with the model.
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ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ?
answer in your own wordsPractice 8 [free response] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Produce a spoken response demonstrating “Register, Idiom, and Nuance”; compare with the model.
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ਉਸ ਨੇ ਗੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਲਾ ਲਿਆ।
role playPractice 9 [roleplay] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Role-play ਹਰਜੀਤ with appropriate register: Is this message appropriate for the manager?
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ਇਹ ਸੁਨੇਹਾ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ?
write a sentencePractice 10 [sentence writing] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Write one accurate Gurmukhi sentence using ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ.
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ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ?
short writingPractice 11 [short writing] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Write 2–3 connected Punjabi sentences applying Register, Idiom, and Nuance.
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ਉਸ ਨੇ ਗੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਲਾ ਲਿਆ। ਇਹ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਰਸਮੀ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ।
say it another wayPractice 12 [paraphrase] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Paraphrase without changing meaning, morphology, or register: ਇਹ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਰਸਮੀ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ।
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ਇਹ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਰਸਮੀ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ।
summarisePractice 13 [summary] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Summarize the dialogue in one precise Punjabi sentence.
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ਇਹ ਸੁਨੇਹਾ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ?
guided compositionPractice 14 [guided composition] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Compose a short response with the taught pattern “audience + appropriate address; idiom + contextual meaning”.
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ਉਸ ਨੇ ਗੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਲਾ ਲਿਆ।
change the registerPractice 15 [register transformation] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Recast “This tone is appropriate for a formal meeting.” in the formal/respectful or colloquial register taught here.
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ਇਹ ਲਹਿਜਾ ਰਸਮੀ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ।
read the tonePractice 16 [tone identification] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Identify the tone or stance of ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ?.
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The wording realizes Choosing register and reading idiom with the lesson-appropriate stance and register.
which one fitsPractice 17 [semantic distinction] — Register, Idiom, and Nuance: Distinguish ਲਹਿਜਾ from ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ in meaning and use.
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ਲਹਿਜਾ means “tone; accent”; ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ means “idiom”. Grammar and context determine the choice.
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhat does ਲਹਿਜਾ (lahija) mean?
- tone; accent
- idiom
- formal
- informal
Show the answer
tone; accent
ਲਹਿਜਾ (lahija) means “tone; accent.”
quick checkWhat does ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ (muhavra) mean?
- idiom
- formal
- informal
- appropriate
Show the answer
idiom
ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ (muhavra) means “idiom.”
quick checkWhat does ਰਸਮੀ (rasmi) mean?
- formal
- informal
- appropriate
- sense; implication
Show the answer
formal
ਰਸਮੀ (rasmi) means “formal.”
quick checkWhat does ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ (ghair-rasmi) mean?
- informal
- appropriate
- sense; implication
- context
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informal
ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ (ghair-rasmi) means “informal.”
quick checkWhat does ਢੁਕਵਾਂ (dhukvan) mean?
- appropriate
- sense; implication
- context
- hint; indication
Show the answer
appropriate
ਢੁਕਵਾਂ (dhukvan) means “appropriate.”
Worksheet: Register, Idiom, and Nuance Worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Match the Punjabi terms to their meanings. | ਲਹਿਜਾ (lahija) ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ (muhavra) | tone; accent idiom |
| Translate these complete sentences. | ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ? (ki tusin mera hatth vata sakde ho?) ਉਸ ਨੇ ਗੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਲਾ ਲਿਆ। (us ne gall nun dil utte la lia.) | Could you lend me a hand? He or she took the matter to heart. |
| Produce Gurmukhi and romanisation. | informal appropriate | ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ (ghair-rasmi) ਢੁਕਵਾਂ (dhukvan) |
| Integrated Punjabi offline lab: read, transform in Gurmukhi, and rehearse aloud. Check Punjabi Gurmukhi, gender/agreement, postpositions, aspect, and respectful forms. | ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ ਵਟਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ? ਇਹ ਸੁਨੇਹਾ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਲਈ ਢੁਕਵਾਂ ਹੈ? | Could you lend me a hand? Is this message appropriate for the manager? |
Review list. ਲਹਿਜਾ · ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ · ਰਸਮੀ · ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ
ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ
A formal letter has four moves: ਸੰਬੋਧਨ (the address), the reason with ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ, the request with ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ, and the closing with ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ. The verb of a request goes into the subjunctive — ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ — which keeps the tone respectful.
| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਬੇਨਤੀ | benti | request, petition |
| ਪੱਤਰ | pattar | letter |
| ਸੰਬੋਧਨ | sambodhan | address, salutation |
| ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ | hastakhar | signature |
| ਸਬੰਧ | sabandh | relation, matter |
The opening names the matter: ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ. The request follows ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ with a subjunctive verb (ਹੋਵੇ, ਕਰਨ, ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ), and the close gives assurance with ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ before the signature.
ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ … · ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ · ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ| Word | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸੜਕ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ। | is pattar de sabandh vich benti hai ki sarak da kam jaldi hove. | With reference to this letter, the request is that the road work be done soon. |
| ਸੰਬੋਧਨ: ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਜੀ, ਪਿੰਡ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਸਭਾ। | sambodhan: pradhan ji, pind sudhar sabha. | Salutation: President, Village Improvement Committee. |
| ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿ ਮਸਲਾ ਹੱਲ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। | bharosa divaunde han ki masla hal hovega. | We assure you that the matter will be resolved. |
- ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। → ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ। A request after ਕਿ takes the subjunctive ਹੋਵੇ.
- ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਬੰਧ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ। → ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ। The matter is named with ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ.
Dialogue. Read it aloud twice — once for each speaker.
| Who | Line | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ਸਕੱਤਰ | ਪੱਤਰ ਤਿਆਰ ਹੈ? | pattar tayar hai? | Is the letter ready? |
| ਸਦੱਸ | ਸੰਬੋਧਨ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਬਾਕੀ ਹੈ। | sambodhan likhia hai, par benti baki hai. | The salutation is written, but the request is left. |
| ਸਕੱਤਰ | ਲਿਖੋ: ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ। | likho: benti hai ki pani da kam jaldi hove. | Write: the request is that the water work be done soon. |
| ਸਦੱਸ | ਅਤੇ ਅਖ਼ੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ? | ate akhir vich hastakhar? | And the signature at the end? |
| ਸਕੱਤਰ | ਹਾਂ, ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਲਿਖ ਕੇ ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ ਕਰ ਦਿਓ। | han, bharosa divaunde han likh ke hastakhar kar dio. | Yes, write 'we assure you' and then sign. |
Practice (12). Answer first, then open the answer.
What this Punjabi practice tests. Punjabi. Every exercise works on Gurmukhi, three tones written by ਘ ਝ ਢ ਧ ਭ and the ਹ series, three-way address (ਤੂੰ / ਤੁਸੀਂ / ਤੁਸੀਂ ਜੀ), the ergative ਨੇ in the perfective, verb-final order, and the analytical future (-ਆਂਗਾ/-ੇਗਾ).
multiple choicePractice 1: [multiple choice] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Choose the meaning of ਬੇਨਤੀ (benti) in this lesson.
- request, petition
- letter
- address, salutation
- signature
Show the answer
request, petition
fill the gapPractice 2: [fill in the blank] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Type the Punjabi expression meaning “letter”.
Show the answer
ਪੱਤਰ
translatePractice 3: [translation] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Interpret the Gurmukhi in context: ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸੜਕ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ। (is pattar de sabandh vich benti hai ki sarak da kam jaldi hove.).
Show the answer
With reference to this letter, the request is that the road work be done soon.
translate into the languagePractice 4: [reverse translation] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Write in Gurmukhi: Salutation: President, Village Improvement Committee..
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ਸੰਬੋਧਨ: ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਜੀ, ਪਿੰਡ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਸਭਾ।
matchingPractice 5: [matching] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Match ਸੰਬੋਧਨ to its lesson meaning.
- address, salutation
- request, petition
- letter
Show the answer
address, salutation
put it in orderPractice 6: [reorder] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Reconstruct the lesson model in coherent Punjabi: We assure you that the matter will be resolved..
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ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿ ਮਸਲਾ ਹੱਲ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ।
build the sentencePractice 7: [sentence building] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Build the sentence with the lesson pattern (ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ … · ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ · ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ): With reference to this letter, the request is that the road work be done soon..
Show the answer
ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸੜਕ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ।
choose the wordPractice 8: [word selection] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Select the Punjabi form for “signature”.
- ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ
- ਸਬੰਧ
Show the answer
ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ
find the mistakePractice 9: [error correction] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Correct the model the lesson warns about: ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ।
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ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ।
finish the dialoguePractice 10: [dialogue completion] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Complete the exchange with the studied response to: Is the letter ready?
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ਸੰਬੋਧਨ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਬਾਕੀ ਹੈ।
readingPractice 11: [reading comprehension] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Read “ਲਿਖੋ: ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ।” (likho: benti hai ki pani da kam jaldi hove.). What does it mean?
Show the answer
Write: the request is that the water work be done soon.
paragraphPractice 12: [paragraph comprehension] ਬੇਨਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਤਰ — Read the lesson dialogue as a whole and give its key move: And the signature at the end?
Show the answer
ਅਤੇ ਅਖ਼ੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ?
Quick check (5).
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਬੇਨਤੀ?
- request, petition
- letter
- address, salutation
- signature
Show the answer
request, petition
ਬੇਨਤੀ (benti) means request, petition in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਪੱਤਰ?
- letter
- request, petition
- address, salutation
- signature
Show the answer
letter
ਪੱਤਰ (pattar) means letter in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਸੰਬੋਧਨ?
- address, salutation
- request, petition
- letter
- signature
Show the answer
address, salutation
ਸੰਬੋਧਨ (sambodhan) means address, salutation in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ?
- signature
- request, petition
- letter
- address, salutation
Show the answer
signature
ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ (hastakhar) means signature in this lesson.
quick checkWhich meaning best fits ਸਬੰਧ?
- relation, matter
- request, petition
- letter
- address, salutation
Show the answer
relation, matter
ਸਬੰਧ (sabandh) means relation, matter in this lesson.
Worksheet: Letter worksheet
| Task | Prompts | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Open the letter. | salutation: President, Village Improvement Committee with reference to this letter | ਸੰਬੋਧਨ: ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਜੀ, ਪਿੰਡ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਸਭਾ ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ |
| Make the request. | the request is that the water work be done soon we assure you that the matter will be resolved | ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ ਭਰੋਸਾ ਦਿਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿ ਮਸਲਾ ਹੱਲ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ |
| Integrated offline practice: read the first model, transform or extend it in Gurmukhi, then rehearse it as a dialogue. Self-check meaning, grammar, and register. | ਇਸ ਪੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸੜਕ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ। ਪੱਤਰ ਤਿਆਰ ਹੈ? | With reference to this letter, the request is that the road work be done soon. Is the letter ready? |
Review list. ਬੇਨਤੀ · ਪੱਤਰ · ਸੰਬੋਧਨ · ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ
Recall drills — 126 more questions from the B2 words
These 126 drills are generated from the Punjabi B2 vocabulary list — the words of “Reporting and Hypothesis” through “Argument and Nuance”, in both directions: recognition (word → meaning) and production (meaning → word). They re-ask what the course data already contains; no answer here was written by a machine, and a generated drill is practice, never a lesson.
Reporting and Hypothesis — 42 drills
| Ask | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does “ਬਿਆਨ” mean? | statement |
| How do you say “statement” in Punjabi? | ਬਿਆਨ — say it “bian” |
| What does “ਹਵਾਲਾ” mean? | reference; quotation |
| How do you say “reference; quotation” in Punjabi? | ਹਵਾਲਾ — say it “havala” |
| What does “ਦਾਅਵਾ” mean? | claim |
| How do you say “claim” in Punjabi? | ਦਾਅਵਾ — say it “dava” |
| What does “ਪੁੱਛਿਆ” mean? | asked |
| How do you say “asked” in Punjabi? | ਪੁੱਛਿਆ — say it “puchhia” |
| What does “ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ” mean? | answered |
| How do you say “answered” in Punjabi? | ਜਵਾਬ ਦਿੱਤਾ — say it “javab ditta” |
| What does “ਮੰਨਿਆ” mean? | believed; accepted |
| How do you say “believed; accepted” in Punjabi? | ਮੰਨਿਆ — say it “mannia” |
| What does “ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ਕੀਤਾ” mean? | mentioned |
| How do you say “mentioned” in Punjabi? | ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ਕੀਤਾ — say it “zikar kita” |
| What does “ਅਨੁਸਾਰ” mean? | according to |
| How do you say “according to” in Punjabi? | ਅਨੁਸਾਰ — say it “anusar” |
| What does “ਸ਼ਰਤ” mean? | condition |
| How do you say “condition” in Punjabi? | ਸ਼ਰਤ — say it “sharat” |
| What does “ਨਤੀਜਾ” mean? | result |
| How do you say “result” in Punjabi? | ਨਤੀਜਾ — say it “natija” |
| What does “ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ” mean? | possibility |
| How do you say “possibility” in Punjabi? | ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ — say it “sambhavna” |
| What does “ਕਲਪਨਾ” mean? | imagination |
| How do you say “imagination” in Punjabi? | ਕਲਪਨਾ — say it “kalpana” |
| What does “ਅਫ਼ਸੋਸ” mean? | regret |
| How do you say “regret” in Punjabi? | ਅਫ਼ਸੋਸ — say it “afsos” |
| What does “ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ” mean? | otherwise |
| How do you say “otherwise” in Punjabi? | ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ — say it “nahin tan” |
| What does “ਬਚ ਸਕਣਾ” mean? | to be able to avoid |
| How do you say “to be able to avoid” in Punjabi? | ਬਚ ਸਕਣਾ — say it “bach sakna” |
| What does “ਚੋਣ” mean? | choice |
| How do you say “choice” in Punjabi? | ਚੋਣ — say it “chon” |
| What does “ਬਿਆਨ” mean? | statement |
| How do you say “statement” in Punjabi? | ਬਿਆਨ — say it “bian” |
| What does “ਹਵਾਲਾ” mean? | reference, citation |
| How do you say “reference, citation” in Punjabi? | ਹਵਾਲਾ — say it “havala” |
| What does “ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ” mean? | officer, official |
| How do you say “officer, official” in Punjabi? | ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ — say it “adhikari” |
| What does “ਸਬੰਧਤ” mean? | concerned, related |
| How do you say “concerned, related” in Punjabi? | ਸਬੰਧਤ — say it “sabdhat” |
| What does “ਸਪਸ਼ਟ” mean? | clear, explicit |
| How do you say “clear, explicit” in Punjabi? | ਸਪਸ਼ਟ — say it “spasht” |
Formal Public Communication — 42 drills
| Ask | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does “ਐਲਾਨ” mean? | announcement |
| How do you say “announcement” in Punjabi? | ਐਲਾਨ — say it “ailan” |
| What does “ਕਾਰਵਾਈ” mean? | action; procedure |
| How do you say “action; procedure” in Punjabi? | ਕਾਰਵਾਈ — say it “karvai” |
| What does “ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ” mean? | approval |
| How do you say “approval” in Punjabi? | ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ — say it “manzuri” |
| What does “ਪਾਬੰਦੀ” mean? | restriction |
| How do you say “restriction” in Punjabi? | ਪਾਬੰਦੀ — say it “pabandi” |
| What does “ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ” mean? | to implement |
| How do you say “to implement” in Punjabi? | ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ — say it “lagu karna” |
| What does “ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨਾ” mean? | to inspect |
| How do you say “to inspect” in Punjabi? | ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨਾ — say it “janch karna” |
| What does “ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ” mean? | published |
| How do you say “published” in Punjabi? | ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ — say it “prakashit” |
| What does “ਸੂਚਿਤ” mean? | informed |
| How do you say “informed” in Punjabi? | ਸੂਚਿਤ — say it “suchit” |
| What does “ਵਿਸ਼ਾ” mean? | subject; topic |
| How do you say “subject; topic” in Punjabi? | ਵਿਸ਼ਾ — say it “visha” |
| What does “ਅਰਜ਼ੀ” mean? | application |
| How do you say “application” in Punjabi? | ਅਰਜ਼ੀ — say it “arzi” |
| What does “ਬੇਨਤੀ” mean? | request |
| How do you say “request” in Punjabi? | ਬੇਨਤੀ — say it “benti” |
| What does “ਸੰਬੰਧੀ” mean? | regarding |
| How do you say “regarding” in Punjabi? | ਸੰਬੰਧੀ — say it “sabandhi” |
| What does “ਵੇਰਵਾ” mean? | detail |
| How do you say “detail” in Punjabi? | ਵੇਰਵਾ — say it “verva” |
| What does “ਨੱਥੀ” mean? | attached |
| How do you say “attached” in Punjabi? | ਨੱਥੀ — say it “natthi” |
| What does “ਆਪ ਜੀ” mean? | you, highly respectful |
| How do you say “you, highly respectful” in Punjabi? | ਆਪ ਜੀ — say it “ap ji” |
| What does “ਧੰਨਵਾਦੀ” mean? | grateful |
| How do you say “grateful” in Punjabi? | ਧੰਨਵਾਦੀ — say it “dhanvadi” |
| What does “ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ” mean? | percent |
| How do you say “percent” in Punjabi? | ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ — say it “fisadi” |
| What does “ਲੱਖ” mean? | hundred thousand |
| How do you say “hundred thousand” in Punjabi? | ਲੱਖ — say it “lakkh” |
| What does “ਆਬਾਦੀ” mean? | population |
| How do you say “population” in Punjabi? | ਆਬਾਦੀ — say it “abadi” |
| What does “ਵਾਧਾ” mean? | increase |
| How do you say “increase” in Punjabi? | ਵਾਧਾ — say it “vadha” |
| What does “ਕਮੀ” mean? | shortage, decrease |
| How do you say “shortage, decrease” in Punjabi? | ਕਮੀ — say it “kami” |
Argument and Nuance — 42 drills
| Ask | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does “ਦਲੀਲ” mean? | argument |
| How do you say “argument” in Punjabi? | ਦਲੀਲ — say it “dalil” |
| What does “ਸਬੂਤ” mean? | evidence |
| How do you say “evidence” in Punjabi? | ਸਬੂਤ — say it “sabut” |
| What does “ਪੱਖ” mean? | side; position |
| How do you say “side; position” in Punjabi? | ਪੱਖ — say it “pakh” |
| What does “ਵਿਰੋਧ” mean? | opposition |
| How do you say “opposition” in Punjabi? | ਵਿਰੋਧ — say it “virodh” |
| What does “ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ” mean? | although |
| How do you say “although” in Punjabi? | ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ — say it “halanki” |
| What does “ਇਸ ਲਈ” mean? | therefore |
| How do you say “therefore” in Punjabi? | ਇਸ ਲਈ — say it “is lai” |
| What does “ਕੁਝ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ” mean? | to some extent |
| How do you say “to some extent” in Punjabi? | ਕੁਝ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ — say it “kujh hadd takk” |
| What does “ਨਿਰਪੱਖ” mean? | impartial |
| How do you say “impartial” in Punjabi? | ਨਿਰਪੱਖ — say it “nirpakh” |
| What does “ਲਹਿਜਾ” mean? | tone; accent |
| How do you say “tone; accent” in Punjabi? | ਲਹਿਜਾ — say it “lahija” |
| What does “ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ” mean? | idiom |
| How do you say “idiom” in Punjabi? | ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ — say it “muhavra” |
| What does “ਰਸਮੀ” mean? | formal |
| How do you say “formal” in Punjabi? | ਰਸਮੀ — say it “rasmi” |
| What does “ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ” mean? | informal |
| How do you say “informal” in Punjabi? | ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ — say it “ghair-rasmi” |
| What does “ਢੁਕਵਾਂ” mean? | appropriate |
| How do you say “appropriate” in Punjabi? | ਢੁਕਵਾਂ — say it “dhukvan” |
| What does “ਭਾਵ” mean? | sense; implication |
| How do you say “sense; implication” in Punjabi? | ਭਾਵ — say it “bhav” |
| What does “ਸੰਦਰਭ” mean? | context |
| How do you say “context” in Punjabi? | ਸੰਦਰਭ — say it “sandarb” |
| What does “ਸੰਕੇਤ” mean? | hint; indication |
| How do you say “hint; indication” in Punjabi? | ਸੰਕੇਤ — say it “sanket” |
| What does “ਬੇਨਤੀ” mean? | request, petition |
| How do you say “request, petition” in Punjabi? | ਬੇਨਤੀ — say it “benti” |
| What does “ਪੱਤਰ” mean? | letter |
| How do you say “letter” in Punjabi? | ਪੱਤਰ — say it “pattar” |
| What does “ਸੰਬੋਧਨ” mean? | address, salutation |
| How do you say “address, salutation” in Punjabi? | ਸੰਬੋਧਨ — say it “sambodhan” |
| What does “ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ” mean? | signature |
| How do you say “signature” in Punjabi? | ਹਸਤਾਖ਼ਰ — say it “hastakhar” |
| What does “ਸਬੰਧ” mean? | relation, matter |
| How do you say “relation, matter” in Punjabi? | ਸਬੰਧ — say it “sabandh” |
The B2 test — 10 items
The 10-item test closes Punjabi B2. Answers are shown; in the course player the same test decides whether Punjabi C1 unlocks.
translate into the languageTranslate: ਬਿਆਨ (bian)
Show the answer
statement
translate into the languageTranslate: ਸ਼ਰਤ (sharat)
Show the answer
condition
translate into the languageTranslate: ਐਲਾਨ (ailan)
Show the answer
announcement
translate into the languageTranslate: ਵਿਸ਼ਾ (visha)
Show the answer
subject; topic
translate into the languageTranslate: ਦਲੀਲ (dalil)
Show the answer
argument
translate into the languageTranslate: ਲਹਿਜਾ (lahija)
Show the answer
tone; accent
translate into EnglishProduce in Punjabi: She said that she would come the next day.
Show the answer
ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਵੇਗੀ। (us ne keha ki uh kallh avegi.)
fill the gapProduce in Punjabi: If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
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ਜੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਿਕਲੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ, ਤਾਂ ਰੇਲ ਮਿਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ। (je asin pahilan nikle hunde, tan rel mil jandi.)
put it in orderProduce in Punjabi: All members were informed.
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ਸਾਰੇ ਮੈਂਬਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਚਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। (sare memberan nun suchit kita gia.)
say it out loudProduce in Punjabi: This application concerns leave.
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ਇਹ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਹੈ। (ih arzi chhutti sabandhi hai.)
Punjabi B2 beyond the drills — culture, reading, listening, idioms
These sections are written for Punjabi B2 specifically. The reading text is EkGuru's own; the culture note cites where its facts come from; the idioms and the mistakes list are the ones this level actually trips over.
Culture note
The Sikh Empire held Punjab from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh took Lahore, until 1849, when the British annexed it after the Second Anglo-Sikh War. At its height it ran from Gilgit and Tibet to the Sindh desert and from the Khyber Pass to the Sutlej, in eight provinces, with roughly twelve million people in 1800 and an army trained in the European manner. A formal note in Punjabi about a state inherits that vocabulary of ਦਫ਼ਤਰ, ਸੂਬਾ, ਸੰਧੀ and ਸ਼ਰਤ.
Source (named, not linked): en.wikipedia.org, the article “Sikh Empire”.
Reading — read this aloud, slowly
ਇੱਕ ਰਸਮੀ ਨੋਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ 1799 ਵਿੱਚ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਦੀ ਨੀਂਹ ਰੱਖੀ। ਇਹ ਰਾਜ 1849 ਵਿੱਚ ਦੂਜੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕਾਰਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਅੱਠ ਸੂਬੇ ਸਨ ਅਤੇ 1800 ਵਿੱਚ ਲਗਭਗ ਇੱਕ ਕਰੋੜ ਵੀਹ ਲੱਖ ਲੋਕ ਵੱਸਦੇ ਸਨ। ਇਹ ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੱਛਮ ਦਾ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਵੱਡਾ ਰਾਜ ਸੀ ਜੋ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਹੱਥ ਆਇਆ।
What it says: A formal note states that Maharaja Ranjit Singh took Lahore in 1799 and laid the foundation of the Khalsa state. That state ended in 1849 after the Second Anglo-Sikh War. According to historians it had eight provinces and about twelve million people lived in it in 1800. It was the last major north-western power to fall to the British.
Listening — one voice, one text
Use the speaker button to hear this text with a browser voice tagged pa-IN; playback starts only after a click. If no matching voice is installed, read it aloud yourself — the rhythm is the point.
ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ: ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ?<br>ਕਰਮਚਾਰੀ: ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਦੋ ਵਿਭਾਗਾਂ ਨੇ ਅੰਕੜੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਭੇਜੇ।<br>ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ: ਕੀ ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਪੱਕੀ ਹੈ?<br>ਕਰਮਚਾਰੀ: ਜੀ, ਲਿਖਤੀ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਪੁਸ਼ਟੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ।<br>ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ: ਤਾਂ ਫਿਰ ਅਗਲੀ ਮੀਟਿੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ ਲਈ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇਗਾ।
What it says: Officer: What is said in the report? Clerk: It is stated that two departments have not sent their figures. Officer: Is the matter certain? Clerk: Yes, it has been confirmed in writing. Officer: Then it will be placed for approval in the next meeting.
10 idioms and fixed phrases
| Idiom | Word for word | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| ਕਾਗਜ਼ੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ | paper proceedings | paperwork, formal process |
| ਦਾਅਵਾ ਸਿੱਧ ਕਰਨਾ | to prove the claim | to make a claim stand up |
| ਸਬੂਤ ਦੇਣਾ | to give proof | to produce evidence |
| ਅੰਕੜੇ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ | the figures speak | the numbers settle the argument |
| ਦੋ ਧਿਰਾਂ | two sides | the two parties in a dispute |
| ਗੋਲ-ਮੋਲ ਜਵਾਬ | a round-about answer | an evasive reply |
| ਜਵਾਬਦੇਹੀ ਬਣਦੀ ਹੈ | accountability is due | somebody must answer for it |
| ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਪਾਬੰਦੀ | a restriction of time | a time limit |
| ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਕਰਨਾ | to complete the conditions | to meet the terms |
| ਫੈਸਲੇ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ | before the decision | while the matter is still open |
The 3 mistakes this level makes
- ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਮੈਂ ਆਵਾਂਗਾ। → ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ। Reported speech shifts the pronoun: the speaker's ਮੈਂ becomes ਉਹ in the report.
- ਤਿੰਨ ਰਿਪੋਰਟਾਂ ਭੇਜਿਆ ਗਿਆ। → ਤਿੰਨ ਰਿਪੋਰਟਾਂ ਭੇਜੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ। The passive participle agrees with its plural object: ਭੇਜੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ.
- ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਹੋਈ। → ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ। Plural feminine subject takes ਹੋਈਆਂ.
Your task
Write a formal Punjabi note of six sentences Take one small decision — a society rule, a shop licence, a school timing — and write it formally: one sentence of reported speech with ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ, one impersonal passive, one condition with ਸ਼ਰਤ, one figure, and one line naming who is ਜਵਾਬਦੇਹ. Keep the pronouns shifted as a formal note requires.
After B2: the B2+ checkpoint
B2+ is not a certificate — it is the half-step between Punjabi B2 and the next level, and it is on this site’s ladder because language schools use it. You are at B2+ when you can run a meeting, read a contract, disagree well. Get there by working the recall drills above and the review deck until nothing on this page surprises you, then open the C1 pages.
Keep going
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