EkGuru › Learn Tamil (தமிழ்) › Tamil verbs

Tamil

Tamil verbs

போ, வா, சாப்பிடு — twelve verbs that run daily life, and how they bend.

🔊 Tap any speaker button to hear Tamil spoken. Too fast or slow? Use the speed button at the bottom-right of the page.

Twelve verbs carry daily life: போ (go), வா (come), சாப்பிடு (eat), குடி (drink), படி (read/study), எழுது (write), செய் (do), பேசு (speak), கொடு (give), எடு (take), இரு (be/stay), பார் (see). Memorise these stems and you can order food, find toilets, make friends and survive beautifully.

Stems bend by person in the present: நான் போகிறேன் (I go), நீ போகிறாய் (you familiar go), நீங்கள் போகிறீர்கள் (you formal go), அவர் போகிறார் (he/she formal goes). The -கிற- (kira) infix marks present tense across nearly every verb — one infix, hundreds of verbs, instant sentences.

Polite commands add -ங்கள்: போங்கள் (please go), வாருங்கள் (please come), சாப்பிடுங்கள் (please eat), சொல்லுங்கள் (please say). This one ending turns every order into an invitation — it is the most useful suffix in Tamil, worth more than a hundred nouns.

Negation and existence close the kit: இருக்கிறது (irukkiradhu — it is / there is) anchors locations — புத்தகம் மேசையில் இருக்கிறது (the book is on the table). இல்லை (illai — there isn't) removes — பணம் இல்லை (no money). Twelve verbs plus இருக்கிறது/இல்லை: the engine room of Tamil.

Words and phrases for this topic

EnglishTamilSounds like
Goபோpo
Comeவாvaa
Eatசாப்பிடுsaappidu
Drinkகுடிkudi
Read / studyபடிpadi
Writeஎழுதுezhudhu
Doசெய்sei
Speakபேசுpeesu
Giveகொடுkodu
Takeஎடுedu
Be / stayஇருiru
See / lookபார்paar
It is / there isஇருக்கிறதுirukkiradhu

Language, culture, and common traps

A note on வாருங்கள் vs வா. வா (vaa) orders a friend to come; வாருங்கள் (vaarungal) welcomes a guest like royalty. Same verb, different universe — the -ங்கள் ending is pure respect. When in doubt, add the respect: Tamils forgive stiff politeness instantly and casual rudeness never.

Practice: recall, then use

Use this quick recall drill for Tamil verbs. Hide the script and romanisation columns; say the Tamil form for each cue before revealing its row, then check spelling and sound. The phrase-table speaker buttons provide a model when a matching browser voice is available.

  1. Go
  2. Do
  3. It is / there is

Context check. For Tamil verbs, “It is / there is” belongs to a particular setting. A common mistake is to treat an English gloss as universal; read the language-specific note above and ask a fluent speaker when local usage differs.

Check your recall: answer key
  1. போ po — Go
  2. செய் sei — Do
  3. இருக்கிறது irukkiradhu — It is / there is

Questions learners ask

Are verb stems commands?

Stems are orders to friends — போ! (go!), வா! (come!), சாப்பிடு! (eat!). Polite speech adds endings: போங்கள் (please go), வாருங்கள் (please come). Learn stems first, politeness second, and never order a stranger.

How do Tamil verbs change?

நான் போகிறேன் (I go), நீ போகிறாய் (you go), அவர் போகிறார் (he/she formal goes). Person-markers on every verb — நான்/நீ/அவர் each pull their own ending. Drill one verb through all persons and the pattern owns you.

How do I say no to a verb?

இல்லை (illai — no/not) negates nouns and adjectives — எனக்குத் தெரியாது uses -ஆது for verbs (I don't know). Tamil negation splits by word type; learn இல்லை for things, வேண்டாம் (vendaam — don't want) for refusals.

Everything on this topic

Keep learning Tamil

Related topics

· Editorial policy · Learning journal